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Psych Assessment > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who devised the first test of intelligence and when?

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, 1905

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2
Q

Define psychological test

A

An objective procedure for sampling and quantifying human behaviour to make inferences about a particular psychological construct or constructs using standardised stimuli and methods of administration

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3
Q

Who published the first Stanford-Binet test, and when?

A

Lewis Terman, 1916

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4
Q

Who developed the first self-report test of personality and when?

A

Robert Woodworth, 1917

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5
Q

Rorschach published ‘Psychodiagnostics’ when?

A

1921

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6
Q

When was the first version of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank was published when?

A

1927

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7
Q

When did Wechsler report an individual test of adult intelligence ?

A

1939

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8
Q

In 1942, which iconic personality test was published?

A

MMPI

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9
Q

In 1948, what change in terminology occurred?

A

The term ‘assessment’ replaced ‘mental testing’

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10
Q

When was computerised testing introduced?

A

1970

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11
Q

The origins of psychological testing can be found where?

A

In the public service examinations used by Chinese dynasties to select those who would work for them

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12
Q

Modern psychological testing was introduced roughly when in the USA?

A

Early 20th century

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13
Q

A major impetus to early psychological testing was what?

A

The need to select men for military service

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14
Q

Who is notes as the most key contributor to the initial development of modern psychological testing?

A

Binet

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15
Q

What was Binet asked to do by the Office of Public Instruction in Paris?

A

Devise a method of objectively determining which children would benefit from special education

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16
Q

Who proposed the notion of ‘mental age’?

A

Binet

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17
Q

Who devised the first theory of intelligence?

A

Spearman

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18
Q

According to Spearman, what was common to all tests of cognitive abilities?

A

g

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19
Q

Who was often seen as the chief critic of Spearman’s g?

A

Thurstone

20
Q

Porteus’ initial tests of _____ and _____ involved what?

A

Comprehension; Foresight; Mazes

21
Q

Porteus’ maze tests are still used today for what?

A

Assessing executive function, used by neuropsychologists

22
Q

Yoakum and Yerks are noted for doing what?

A

Contributing the most convincing demonstration of group intelligence tests

23
Q

The Army Alpha tested what? And the Beta?

A

Ability levels of those who could read and write; ability levels of those who were illiterate

24
Q

Which Wechsler scales were based on the Army Alpha and Beta tests?

A

Verbal and Performance

25
Q

Wechsler replaced the mental age scoring with what?

A

Deviation IQ

26
Q

What does the Deviation IQ measure?

A

Compares the performance of the individual with that of his or her peers by dividing the difference between the individual’s score and the mean for the peer group by the standard deviation of scores for the peer group

27
Q

What was the MMPI designed to do?

A

Discriminate between those without symptoms of mental illness and patient groups with particular diagnoses

28
Q

What is empirical keying?

A

A method of producing items that discriminate between people with and without symptoms!

29
Q

How many questions were on the MMPI

A

566

30
Q

Describe an objective test

A

The method of scoring is straightforward for two or more scorers of the same test performance to agree closely on the final score

31
Q

Projective tests were born out of which theory?

A

Psychodynamic

32
Q

Who developed the TAT?

A

Henry Murray and Christina Morgan

33
Q

The _____ and _____ represented the heyday for psychological testing

A

Late 1940s; 1950s

34
Q

Name 3 of the major early criticisms of psychological testing?

A
  • ‘invasion of privacy’
  • homogenising effects on workforce
  • racist
35
Q

The major forms of psychological tests had been developed by when?

A

1950s

36
Q

The 1960s and 1970s involved what with regard to psychological testing and assessment?

A

Legal battles and controversies

37
Q

Which 2 challenges were notable in the 1980s and 1990s?

A
  • cost containment in private and public sectors

- issues with tests being used to determine personal injury and compensation in courts

38
Q

Name some factors that can influence human judgement in psychological testing

A
  • bias
  • stereotyping
  • positive and negative halo effects
  • errors of central tendency
39
Q

All psychological tests have one thing in common, what is it?

A

They are tools that psychologists use to collect data about people

40
Q

Who first used the term ‘mental test’ and when?

A

James McKeen Cattell, 1890

41
Q

The distinction between tests as samples of behaviour or signs of an underlying disposition rest on what?

A

Theoretical differences about the causes of human behaviour

42
Q

Interpretation of test performance is usually in terms of ____; where the test is used as a sign, is usually in terms of ____

A

Criterion referencing; norm referencing

43
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of a psychological test?

A
  • determine if it’s being used as a sign or a sample
  • objective procedures
  • results are summarised quantitatively in terms of a score(s)
  • provides an objective reference point for evaluation
  • must meet a number of criteria to be a useful information-gathering device
44
Q

What is arguably the most defining characteristic of a test?

A

must meet a number of criteria to be a useful information-gathering device

45
Q

Name some limitations of psychological testing

A
  • psychological tests are only tools
  • psychological tests are often used in an attempt to capture the effects of hypothetical constructs
  • tests can become obsolete
  • tests can disadvantage certain subgroups
46
Q

The advantages of a psychological test outweigh its limitations. Discuss

A

Y

47
Q

Some questionnaires look like psychological tests, but are not. Why are they not?

A

I don’t know

Psych Assessment (14 decks)

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