Chapter 1

Question 1

Who devised the first test of intelligence and when?

Answer 1

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, 1905

Question 2

Define psychological test

Answer 2

An objective procedure for sampling and quantifying human behaviour to make inferences about a particular psychological construct or constructs using standardised stimuli and methods of administration

Question 3

Who published the first Stanford-Binet test, and when?

Answer 3

Lewis Terman, 1916

Question 4

Who developed the first self-report test of personality and when?

Answer 4

Robert Woodworth, 1917

Question 5

Rorschach published ‘Psychodiagnostics’ when?

Answer 5

1921

Question 6

When was the first version of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank was published when?

Answer 6

1927

Question 7

When did Wechsler report an individual test of adult intelligence ?

Answer 7

1939

Question 8

In 1942, which iconic personality test was published?

Answer 8

MMPI

Question 9

In 1948, what change in terminology occurred?

Answer 9

The term ‘assessment’ replaced ‘mental testing’

Question 10

When was computerised testing introduced?

Answer 10

1970

Question 11

The origins of psychological testing can be found where?

Answer 11

In the public service examinations used by Chinese dynasties to select those who would work for them

Question 12

Modern psychological testing was introduced roughly when in the USA?

Answer 12

Early 20th century

Question 13

A major impetus to early psychological testing was what?

Answer 13

The need to select men for military service

Question 14

Who is notes as the most key contributor to the initial development of modern psychological testing?

Answer 14

Binet

Question 15

What was Binet asked to do by the Office of Public Instruction in Paris?

Answer 15

Devise a method of objectively determining which children would benefit from special education

Question 16

Who proposed the notion of ‘mental age’?

Answer 16

Binet

Question 17

Who devised the first theory of intelligence?

Answer 17

Spearman

Question 18

According to Spearman, what was common to all tests of cognitive abilities?

Answer 18

g

Question 19

Who was often seen as the chief critic of Spearman’s g?

Answer 19

Thurstone

Question 20

Porteus’ initial tests of _____ and _____ involved what?

Answer 20

Comprehension; Foresight; Mazes

Question 21

Porteus’ maze tests are still used today for what?

Answer 21

Assessing executive function, used by neuropsychologists

Question 22

Yoakum and Yerks are noted for doing what?

Answer 22

Contributing the most convincing demonstration of group intelligence tests

Question 23

The Army Alpha tested what? And the Beta?

Answer 23

Ability levels of those who could read and write; ability levels of those who were illiterate

Question 24

Which Wechsler scales were based on the Army Alpha and Beta tests?

Answer 24

Verbal and Performance

Question 25

Wechsler replaced the mental age scoring with what?

Answer 25

Deviation IQ

Question 26

What does the Deviation IQ measure?

Answer 26

Compares the performance of the individual with that of his or her peers by dividing the difference between the individual's score and the mean for the peer group by the standard deviation of scores for the peer group

Question 27

What was the MMPI designed to do?

Answer 27

Discriminate between those without symptoms of mental illness and patient groups with particular diagnoses

Question 28

What is empirical keying?

Answer 28

A method of producing items that discriminate between people with and without symptoms!

Question 29

How many questions were on the MMPI

Answer 29

566

Question 30

Describe an objective test

Answer 30

The method of scoring is straightforward for two or more scorers of the same test performance to agree closely on the final score

Question 31

Projective tests were born out of which theory?

Answer 31

Psychodynamic

Question 32

Who developed the TAT?

Answer 32

Henry Murray and Christina Morgan

Question 33

The _____ and _____ represented the heyday for psychological testing

Answer 33

Late 1940s; 1950s

Question 34

Name 3 of the major early criticisms of psychological testing?

Answer 34

- 'invasion of privacy' - homogenising effects on workforce - racist

Question 35

The major forms of psychological tests had been developed by when?

Answer 35

1950s

Question 36

The 1960s and 1970s involved what with regard to psychological testing and assessment?

Answer 36

Legal battles and controversies

Question 37

Which 2 challenges were notable in the 1980s and 1990s?

Answer 37

- cost containment in private and public sectors | - issues with tests being used to determine personal injury and compensation in courts

Question 38

Name some factors that can influence human judgement in psychological testing

Answer 38

- bias - stereotyping - positive and negative halo effects - errors of central tendency

Question 39

All psychological tests have one thing in common, what is it?

Answer 39

They are tools that psychologists use to collect data about people

Question 40

Who first used the term 'mental test' and when?

Answer 40

James McKeen Cattell, 1890

Question 41

The distinction between tests as samples of behaviour or signs of an underlying disposition rest on what?

Answer 41

Theoretical differences about the causes of human behaviour

Question 42

Interpretation of test performance is usually in terms of ____; where the test is used as a sign, is usually in terms of ____

Answer 42

Criterion referencing; norm referencing

Question 43

What are the 5 characteristics of a psychological test?

Answer 43

- determine if it's being used as a sign or a sample - objective procedures - results are summarised quantitatively in terms of a score(s) - provides an objective reference point for evaluation - must meet a number of criteria to be a useful information-gathering device

Question 44

What is arguably the most defining characteristic of a test?

Answer 44

must meet a number of criteria to be a useful information-gathering device

Question 45

Name some limitations of psychological testing

Answer 45

- psychological tests are only tools - psychological tests are often used in an attempt to capture the effects of hypothetical constructs - tests can become obsolete - tests can disadvantage certain subgroups

Question 46

The advantages of a psychological test outweigh its limitations. Discuss

Answer 46

Y

Question 47

Some questionnaires look like psychological tests, but are not. Why are they not?

Answer 47

I don't know