Chapter 13 Flashcards
Modern psychology’s application to educational issues can be traced to who?
William James
What are the two roles of assessment in educational and training settings?
Formative and summative assessment
What is summative assessment?
Evaluating learning at the end of a course for purposes of accreditation or evaluation
What is formative assessment?
Serves an educative and evaluative purpose. Facilitates learning as well as evaluating it
What is the role of the PISA?
It benchmarks different countries around the world in terms of educational achievement
With regard to PISA, what explanations have been provided for differences between countries?
Level of resources dedicated to education
Degree to which students are streamed into different ability classes by local education authorities
Degree of privatisation of education
Distribution of wealth and overall level of nutrition
What age range does the WISC-IV incorporate ?
6-16 years
What is the function of the WISC-IV?
Identifies a child’s intellectual strengths and weaknesses, as well as diagnosing gifted was or mental retardation
The original WISC had how many subtests?
12
____ new subtests were introduced with the WISC-IV in order to boost _____
5; the validity
Which 5 subtests were added to the WISC-IV?
Picture concepts Letter-numbering sequencing Matrix reasoning Cancellation Word reasoning
When can a supplemental test be given?
When there is trouble administering a core test, such as the child refusing to do it
Is the WISC-IV individually or group administered?
Individually
Which abilities does block design measure?
- spatial analysis
- non-verbal reasoning
- problem solving
Which abilities does similarities measure?
- logical thinking
- verbal reasoning
- problem solving
Which abilities does digit span measure?
- short-term auditory memory
- attention
Which abilities does picture concepts measure?
- categorical abstract reasoning
Which abilities does coding measure?
- Visio-motor coordination
- non-verbal learning
- non-verbal short-term memory
Which abilities does vocabulary measure?
- verbal fluency
- word knowledge
Which abilities does letter-number sequencing measure?
- attention
- short-term auditory memory
- processing speed
Which abilities does matrix reasoning measure?
- visual processing
- spatial perception
Which abilities does comprehension measure?
- common-sense knowledge
- practical judgement
- social astuteness
Which abilities does symbol search measure?
- perception
- recognition
- concentration speed
What is a key difference in scoring for the WISC-IV with regard to raw scores?
More points for quicker responses (in some cases)
Why did JC Raven develop his progressive matrices?
He was seeking a pure measure of Spearman’s g
What is currently used as the best single measure of general intelligence?
Raven’s progressive matrices
What are the 3 forms of Raven’s progressive matrices?
Coloured (children)
Standard (6-adult)
Advanced (higher ability populations)
General aptitude tests provide good measures of what?
Fluid abilities
Problem solving and reasoning
General achievement tests provide good measures of what?
Crystallised abilities
Acquired knowledge and learning
What does the WIAT-II measure?
Basic academic skills of literacy and numeracy, reading, comprehension, and written and oral expression
How many subtests is the WIAT-II composed of?
9
How are results scored in the WiAT-II?
Raw scores on each subtest are converted to standard scores, summed and converted into the relevant composite standard score. A total score is also provided, based on the sum of the standard scores of all subtests
What are the subtests of the WIAT-II?
Word reading, reading comprehension, pseudoword decoding, numerical operations, math reasoning, spelling, written expressions listening comprehension, oral expression
What is the main limitation of the WIAT-II?
It represents only one particular wag of operationalising academic achievement
What is the main additional source of information for admissions decisions regarding university selection?
Scores on aptitude tests
What is the most popular vocational interests instrument?
John Holland’s Self Directed Search
The SDS is based off of which model of interests?
The hexagonal model
The SDS consists of which 5 sections?
Occupational daydreams Activities Competencies Occupations Self-Estimates
What are Holland’s 6 personality types?
Realistic Investigative Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional
Define the realistic personality type
Down-to-earth attitude, tend to be fairly materialistic, and value tangible attributes such as money, power and status
E.g. Farming, mining, construction, and transport occupations
Define the investigative personality type
Analysing and solving problems, theorising and dealing with abstract concepts
E.g. Science, engineering
Define the artistic personality type
Value creativity and have a need to express themselves in creative and artistic ways
E.g. Fashion, music, media
Define the social personality type
Enjoy interacting with others, especially in an educational or welfare role, heightened sense of ethics and social responsibility
E.g. Teaching, counselling, helping professions
Define the enterprising personality type
Strong business orientation, sales and management, leadership
E.g. Politics and economical power
Define the conventional personality type
Reasonably business oriented, but more inclined toward administrative rather than leadership positions
E.g. Accounting, secretarial, administrative and clerical occupations
The hexagonal model has been a major source of ____ evidence
Construct validity
What was Holland’s key prediction with regard to job interest?
That maximum job satisfaction will arise when person and environmental codes closely match
What is deemed the grandparent of all interest inventories?
The Strong Vocational Interest Inventory
What is a major difference between the SDS and SVII?
The use of extensive norms in the SVII, and each examinee’s pattern of scores is compared with patterns obtained by satisfied incumbents in over 200 occupations
What objection did Tracey and Rounds make with regard to Holland’s hexagonal theory?
They believe that the space of vocational interests is actually circular
