Chapter 11 Flashcards
What structures make up the hindbrain?
- cerebellum
- brain stem
Which 3 structures make up the brain stem?
- medulla oblongata (meaning oblong marrow)
- the pons (meaning bridge)
- reticular formation
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
- regulation of breathing
- swallowing
- heartbeat
What is the function of the pons?
- eye movements
- balance
Which two structures make up the midbrain?
- tectum (meaning roof)
- tegmentum (meaning floor)
Which structures make up the between brain?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
Cell bodies are composed of ____, and cell fibres are composed of ____
gray matter; white matter
The bumps on the surface of the forbrain are ___, the grooves are known as ____, and the deep, prominent sulci are called ____
gyri; sulci; fissures
Who was the first person to formally use the term ‘neuropsychology’?
Donald Hebb
What is the aim of experimental neuropsychology?
To understand the behavioural organisation of the human brain
What is the aim of comparative neuropsychology?
To understand the behavioural organisation of animal brains
What is the aim of cognitive neuropsychology?
Has an interest in patients with brain injury. They study patients to identify and clarify the underlying processes of human cognition
What is the aim of clinical neuropsychology?
Has an interest in patients with brain injury. They specialise in the assessment and treatment of individuals with brain injury.
What are the typical jobs of a neuropsychologist?
- conducting neuropsychological assessments
- providing psycho-education, counselling, or psychotherapy for individuals with brain injury
- planning, conducting, and evaluating neuropsychological rehabilitation
- conducting clinical neuropsychology research
Prior to imaging techniques, how did psychologists diagnose damage to the brain?
’ test for brain damage’ or ‘test of organicity’
In Australia, ____ is the largest single cause of disability of all neurological disorders
stroke
Define neuropsychological assessment
The application of neuropsychological tests and other data-collection techniques to answer referral questions or solve problems for individuals with known or suspected brain injury
What are some of the purposes of neuropsychological assessment?
- diagnosis
- description of neuropsychological functions
- prognosis
- treatment planning
- monitoring the rate of recovery
- evaluating the effects of treatment
What change in the role of neuropsychologists has happened in the last 40 years?
They are now less involved in the diagnosis of suspected brain injury because of advances in neuroimaging techniques
What are the 5 steps of neuropsychological assessment?
- interviewing
- gathering other relevant information
- neuropsychological testing
- interpreting test results and integrating information
- report writing and providing feedback
Which is the most time consuming step in neuropsychological assessment?
Neuropsychological testing
What is taken into account when scoring a neuropsychological results?
The test taker’s background
The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is an example of which type of battery?
Fixed battery
Name the subtests of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery
- category test
- tactual performance test
- speech sounds perception test
- seashore rhythm test
- finger tapping test
- trail making test
- aphasia screening test
- sensory-pereptual examination
What is the main strength and weakness of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery?
- the use of a standard set of measures on which patients’ performances can be compared
- inflexible and lengthy
What is the result of impairments in sensory functioning?
Limits the amount of stimulus information that can be taken in by the individual
What are the 3 components of attention?
- selective
- attention span
- focused
Which test is commonly administered to measure attention span?
Digit Span
Visual attention assessed using the Spatial Span subtest of the WMS-III
Which test is commonly administered to measure focused attention?
Trail Making Test and the Digit Symbol subtest of the WAIS
Robertson et al. designed which test to address the issue of ecological validity in neuropsychological assessment?
The Test of Everyday Attention (TEA)
What are the two types of memory?
- declarative
- non-declarative
Most clinical tests focus on ____ rather than ____ memory; why?
declarative; non-declarative
Because deficits in nondeclarative memory are not usually found after brain injury
Which type of memory is not measured in assessment?
Prospective memory - the memory to do things in the future
What is the major difference between the WMS-IV and previous versions?
The WMS-IV uses on battery for adults aged 16-69, and another slightly modified battery for older adults between 65-90 years
Which indices is not included in the 65-90 year battery that is included in the 16-69 year old battery in the WMS-IV?
Visual-working memory
The others are auditory, immediate, delayed, visual
The WMS-IV has been found to be sensitive to what?
Brain injury
What are the RAVLT and ROCFT used to test?
Verbal and visual memory
What is the testing process of the RAVLT?
The individual is read a list of 15 words, 5 times and asked to recall as many as possible after each trial
Which two tests does the book list as assessing language?
The Western Aphasia Battery-Revised and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination
___ scores predicted performance on other aphasia tests better than patient functioning in everyday circumstances
Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)
What does the HVOT measure?
Visuo-spatial functioning
Which test can be used to measure spatial awareness?
The Standardised Road-Map Test of Direction Sense (SRMTDS)
Which test is able to distinguish those with parietal lobe injuries from those with Huntington’s or AD?
Standardised Road-Map Test of Direction Sense (SRMTDS)
What does the D-KEFS measures?
Executive functioning
What is a main strength of the D-KEFS?
Comprehensiveness
The Perdue Pegboard is used to measure which type of function?
Motor
