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Biology 101 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

RNA and DNA are long chains of ____

A

nucleotides

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3
Q

what are the four nitrogen-containing bases of DNA?

A

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

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4
Q

in 1953, watson and crick proposed that DNA is a double ____

A

helix

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5
Q

each nucleotide is made of three parts. what are they?

A

five carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

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6
Q

viruses that infect bacteria are called…

A

(bacterio) phages

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7
Q

RNA and DNA are both…

A

nucleic acids

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8
Q

the sugar of DNA is called…

A

deoxyribose

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9
Q

what are the two double-ringed bases?

A

adenine, guanine

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10
Q

what are the two single-ringed bases?

A

thymine, cytosine

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11
Q

adenine always binds to ____

A

thymine

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12
Q

guanine always binds to ____

A

cytosine

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13
Q

characteristics of DNA:

a. ) consists of ____ nucleotide strands attached together
b. ) the strands are complimentary and ____
c. ) ____ hold the nitrogen-containing bases together
d. ) DNA molecule is a ____ shape

A
  • two
  • anti-parallel
  • hydrogen bonds
  • double helix
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14
Q

the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases are easily ____

A

broken

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15
Q

the DNA unwinds at the ____ as the hydrogen bonds break

A

replication fork

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16
Q

one side of DNA serves as a ____ for replication

A

template

17
Q

DNA undergoes ____, where one side is old and one side is new

A

semi-conservative replication

18
Q

____ is an enzyme involved in DNA replication that unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases

A

helicase

19
Q

____ is an enzyme involved in DNA replication that attaches new nucleotides together

A

polymerase

20
Q

____ is an enzyme involved in DNA replication that attaches new nucleotides together

A

ligase

21
Q

____ is an enzyme invovled in DNA replication that repairs damaged sites or mismatches

A

repair enzyme; mismatch repair enzyme

22
Q

strands can only be assembled in the ____ or ____ direction

A

5, 3

23
Q

describe the assembly of DNA

A

on one strand, DNA is assembled continuously. on the other strand, it is assembled in fragments called okazaki fragments.

24
Q

a. ) ____ cloning happens naturally
b. ) ____ cloning is where an unfertilized egg nucleus is replaced with another DNA
c. ) ____ cloning is where a stem cell nucleus is replaced with the nucleus of the organ to be cloned

A

embryo, reproductive, tissue

Biology 101 (9 decks)

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