Chapter 4

Question 1

the ___ is the basic/smallest unit of all living organisms

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

cells can ___ and respond to the ___

Answer 2

replicate, environment

Question 3

where does all metabolism take place?

Answer 3

inside the cell

Question 4

what are the two types of cells?

Answer 4

prokaryotic, eukaryotic

Question 5

___ do not contain organelles and are much smaller

Answer 5

prokaryotes

Question 6

all cells contain: ___, ___, ___

Answer 6

plasma membrane, region where DNA is stored, cytoplasm

Question 7

the plasma membrane is made of a ___

Answer 7

lipid bilayer (aka two layers of phospholipids)

Question 8

___ membrane proteins adhere to each other

Answer 8

adhesion

Question 9

___ membrane proteins allow cell communication

Answer 9

communication

Question 10

___ membrane proteins allow things in and out of the cell

Answer 10

receptor

Question 11

___ membrane proteins recognize our own cells from others

Answer 11

recognition

Question 12

as volume increases in a cell, the surface area will increase ___

Answer 12

to a lesser degree

Question 13

the more surface area, the easier it is to move substances in/out of the cell. that is why cells are ___

Answer 13

small

Question 14

the cell theory states that:

Answer 14

every organism is composed of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit that has properties of life, cells come from preexisting cells

Question 15

characteristics of prokaryotic cells:

Answer 15

no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, smallest cells, bacteria

Question 16

characteristics of eukaryotic cells:

Answer 16

organelles, DNA enclosed in a nucleus

Question 17

eukaryotic organisms include all organisms in the kingdoms:

Answer 17

plantae, protista, animalia, fungi

Question 18

DNA is located in the ___

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

the nucleus contains:

Answer 19

nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus (contructs ribosomal subunits), chromatin

Question 20

the endomembrane system of the cell’s associated organelles:

Answer 20

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vesicles

Question 21

rough ER ___ ribosomes and assembles ___

Answer 21

contains; proteins

Question 22

smooth ER ___ ribosomes and assembles ___

Answer 22

does not contain; lipids

Question 23

membrane sacs that move through the cell membrane to remove products

Answer 23

vesicles

Question 24

packages and releases cell products such as proteins and lipids

Answer 24

golgi bodies

Question 25

where is ATP produced?

Answer 25

mitochondria

Question 26

the mitochondria has ___ and requires ___

Answer 26

two membranes; oxygen

Question 27

double membrane-enclosed organelles that function in photosynthesis or storage

Answer 27

plastids

Question 28

both mitochondria and chloroplasts have:

Answer 28

folded double membranes, their own DNA/RNA, size as bacterial cell

Question 29

vacuole of plant cells makes up to ___ of cell’s interior

Answer 29

90%

Question 30

the secondary cell wall contains ___, which is waterproof and strong

Answer 30

lignin

Question 31

junctions of plant cells:

Answer 31

plasmodesmata

Question 32

junctions of animal cells

Answer 32

tight junctions and gap junctions

Question 33

components of cytoskeleton

Answer 33

microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

Question 34

cells with many cilia can create sweeping motions

Answer 34

motor proteins

Question 35

usually one. helps cell move

Answer 35

flagella

Question 36

false feet of amoebas

Answer 36

pseudopods