Chapter 4 Flashcards
the ___ is the basic/smallest unit of all living organisms
cell
cells can ___ and respond to the ___
replicate, environment
where does all metabolism take place?
inside the cell
what are the two types of cells?
prokaryotic, eukaryotic
___ do not contain organelles and are much smaller
prokaryotes
all cells contain: ___, ___, ___
plasma membrane, region where DNA is stored, cytoplasm
the plasma membrane is made of a ___
lipid bilayer (aka two layers of phospholipids)
___ membrane proteins adhere to each other
adhesion
___ membrane proteins allow cell communication
communication
___ membrane proteins allow things in and out of the cell
receptor
___ membrane proteins recognize our own cells from others
recognition
as volume increases in a cell, the surface area will increase ___
to a lesser degree
the more surface area, the easier it is to move substances in/out of the cell. that is why cells are ___
small
the cell theory states that:
every organism is composed of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit that has properties of life, cells come from preexisting cells
characteristics of prokaryotic cells:
no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, smallest cells, bacteria
characteristics of eukaryotic cells:
organelles, DNA enclosed in a nucleus
eukaryotic organisms include all organisms in the kingdoms:
plantae, protista, animalia, fungi
DNA is located in the ___
nucleus
the nucleus contains:
nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus (contructs ribosomal subunits), chromatin
the endomembrane system of the cell’s associated organelles:
endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vesicles
rough ER ___ ribosomes and assembles ___
contains; proteins
smooth ER ___ ribosomes and assembles ___
does not contain; lipids
membrane sacs that move through the cell membrane to remove products
vesicles
packages and releases cell products such as proteins and lipids
golgi bodies
where is ATP produced?
mitochondria
the mitochondria has ___ and requires ___
two membranes; oxygen
double membrane-enclosed organelles that function in photosynthesis or storage
plastids
both mitochondria and chloroplasts have:
folded double membranes, their own DNA/RNA, size as bacterial cell
vacuole of plant cells makes up to ___ of cell’s interior
90%
the secondary cell wall contains ___, which is waterproof and strong
lignin
junctions of plant cells:
plasmodesmata
junctions of animal cells
tight junctions and gap junctions
components of cytoskeleton
microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
cells with many cilia can create sweeping motions
motor proteins
usually one. helps cell move
flagella
false feet of amoebas
pseudopods
