Chapter 7

Question 1

___ make ATP from photosynthesis

Answer 1

photoautotrophs

Question 2

___ make ATP from breaking down carbs, proteins, and lipids

Answer 2

heterotrophs

Question 3

aerobic respiration uses ___ as a final electron acceptor of the electron transfer chain and is much more ___ than anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

• oxygen; efficient

Question 4

three steps of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 4

glycolysis (in cytoplasm), Krebs cycle (mitochondria), electron transfer chain (mitochondria)

Question 5

aerobic respiration begins in the ___ and is completed in the ___

Answer 5

cytoplasm, mitochondria

Question 6

aerobic respiration equation:

Answer 6

** glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water (opposite of photosynthesis)

Question 7

the first step of aerobic respiration is ___, where glucose is split into two three-carbon molecules called ___. ___ ATPs form.

Answer 7

glycolysis; pyruvates; 4

Question 8

NADH is a ___ that carries protons down the electron transfer chain

Answer 8

coenzyme

Question 9

___ is when a phosphate group is transferred from one molecule to another

Answer 9

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 10

the second step of aerobic respiration is ___, there two pyruvates cross the inner mirochondrial membrane and into the Krebs cycle. ___ ATPs are formed

Answer 10

Krebs cycle; 2

Question 11

carbon is released as ___

Answer 11

x

Question 12

coenzymes are ___ by picking up the hydrogens and electrons

Answer 12

reduced

Question 13

the third step of aerobic respiration is ___, where ___ of the ATPs will be produced

Answer 13

electron transfer chain; most

Question 14

electrons are delivered by ___

Answer 14

coenzymes

Question 15

in the electron transfer chain, a ___ is set up

Answer 15

gradient

Question 16

the flow of proteins down the gradient powers the production of ___, and this process is called ___

Answer 16

ATP; electron transfer phosphorylation

Question 17

the protons are from the ___ molecules

Answer 17

hydrogen

Question 18

oxygen is at the end of the electron transfer chain, accepting electrons. it combines with hydrogen to form ___

Answer 18

water

Question 19

___ ATPs are formed in the electron transfer chain

Answer 19

thirty-two

Question 20

total from one molecule of glucose

Answer 20

2, 2, 32, 36

Question 21

anaerobic pathways do not use ___ so it is not as efficient

Answer 21

oxygen

Question 22

___ is a byproduct of fermentation

Answer 22

ethanol

Question 23

___ is a product of lactic acid fermentation

Answer 23

lactic acid

Question 24

too many carbs causes fat. when blood glucose gets too high, acetyl CoA is diverted away from the ___ cycle to a pathway that makes fatty acids

Answer 24

Krebs

Question 25

the brain uses only ___ and takes up over 2/3 of the circulating glucose

Answer 25

glucose

Question 26

when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas responds by secreting the hormone ___, which converts stored ___ to ___

Answer 26

glucagon; glycogen; glucose

Question 27

glycogen is stored in the ___ and ___, #2 has enough glycogen store for about ___ hours

Answer 27

muscle; liver; twelve

Question 28

in lipid digestion, fats are stored as ___

Answer 28

triglycerides