Chapter 6 Flashcards
photoautotrophs that are able to synthesize their own food
plants, some bacteria, and some protists
___ use the sun’s energy to produce ___ and oxygen as a byproduct
photoautotrophs; carbohydrates
___ must get their energy source from autotrophs
heterotrophs
the sun’s energy travels in “packets” of light called ___
photons
___ in photoautotrophs are able to “catch” the energy in photons
pigments
photon energy bumps up ___ in the pigments to a higher energy level, ___ the potential energy of those electrons
an electron; increasing
potential electron energy is used to “fix” ___ into sugar
carbon
the main pigment in most photoautotrophs is chlorophylls ___ and ___
a & b
chlorophylls a & b capture ___ and ___ light of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
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___ are the organelles present in photosynthetic eukaryotes
chloroplasts
leaves have pores called ___ that allow entry of carbon dioxide
stomata (singular: stoma)
accessory pigments
carotenoids, phycobilins, anthocyanins
chloroplasts contain ___ which are stacked and contain many membranes
thylakoids
the semifluid space between the thylacoids is the ___
stroma
the two reactions of photosynthesis
light-dependent, light-independent
the light-dependent reaction occurs in the ___
thylakoid membrane
the light-independent reaction occurs in the ___
stroma
driven by light energy, the photosynthesis equation is ___
12H2O + 6CO2 = C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6H2O (water byproduct)
the light-dependent reaction produces ___ energy
ATP & NADPH
the light-independent reaction produces ___ using the ATP from the light-dependent reaction. ___ is a byproduct.
sugar; oxygen
the thylacoid membranes contain ___ that trap the sun’s photon energy
photosystem I and photosystem II
the ___ molecules are facing each other in the photosystem, where electrons are “popped” off
chlorophyll a
free electrons immediately enter ___ next to each photosystem
an electron transfer chain
“lost” electrons is replaced by the splitting of ___
water in photosystem II ***
lost electrons will be captured and donated to ___ molecules
acceptor
as electrons are accepted and donated down the electron transfer chain, a ___ is building up
proton gradient
___ from the stroma is transferred into the inner thylakoid compartment and will eventually build up enough to create a large proton gradient
hydrogen
hydrogen ions move across the thylakoid membrane and back into the stroma through protein channels called ___, producing ATP
ATP synthase
ATP is formed by the ___ gradients created between the thylakoid and the stroma
electrical and proton
some plants that live in hot, dry conditions cannot ___ during the day or in very dry conditions
open their stomata
photosystem II is ___
non-cyclic
photosystem I is ___
cyclic
