Chapter 8

Question 0

Attention

Answer 0

The selection of some source of sensory stimulation for increased cognitive processing

Question 1

Awareness

Answer 1

Active thinking about or concentration on some source of stimulation

Question 2

Selective attention

Answer 2

Attention to some things and not to others

Question 3

Dichotic listening

Answer 3

Listening to one message in the left ear and a different message in the right

Question 4

Inattentional blindness

Answer 4

Failure to perceive a fully visible but unattended visual object

Question 5

Change blindness

Answer 5

Inability to quickly detect changes in complex senses

Question 6

Rapid serial visual presentation

Answer 6

An experimental procedure in which participants must note whether a particular type of scene occurs in a series of photographs presented at a very high rate

Question 7

Filter theory of attention

Answer 7

The theory that all sensory information is registered as physical signals but that attention selects only some of those to be interpreted for meaning with the rest being filtered by out

Question 8

Attentional cuing

Answer 8

Providing a cue about the location and timing of an upcoming stimulus

Question 9

Visual search

Answer 9

Searching for a specific target in a scene containing one, a few, or many objects

Question 10

Feature search

Answer 10

Searching a display for an item that differs in just one feature from all other items in the display

Question 11

Conjunction search

Answer 11

Searching a display for an item that differs from all other items in the display by having particular combination of two or more features

Question 12

Binding problem

Answer 12

The problem faced by the visual system of perceiving which visual features belong to the same object

Question 13

Feature integration theory

Answer 13

The theory that the brain solves the binding problem by selectively attending to one object and ignoring any others

Question 14

Biased competition theory

Answer 14

The theory that the brain resolves the competition for neural representation by selectively attending to one object and representing the features of just that object

Question 15

Top-down attentional control

Answer 15

Deliberately paying attention to something in order to get information needed to achieve goals

Question 16

Bottom-up attentional control

Answer 16

The involuntary, unavoidable capture of attention by a salient perceptual stimulus

Question 17

Unilateral visual neglect

Answer 17

A condition in which a person has difficult attending to stimuli in one half of the visual field, as a result of damage to the contralateral posterior parietal cortex

Question 18

Neural correlates of consciousness

Answer 18

Corresponds between neural activity and conscious awareness

Question 19

Perceptual bistability

Answer 19

A phenomenon in which an unchanging visual stimulus leads to repeated alternation between two different perceptual experiences

Question 20

Binocular rivalry

Answer 20

a phenomenon in which two different images presented to the two eyes result in perceptual bistability

Question 21

Blindsight

Answer 21

The ability to point to and sometimes discriminate visual stimuli without any conscious awareness of them

Question 22

Task switching

Answer 22

A rapid shifting of attention from one task to another and back again