Chapter 6

Question 0

Monocular depth cues

Answer 0

Cues that are based on the retinal image and that provide information about depth even with only one eye open

Question 1

Oculomotor depth cues

Answer 1

Cues that are based on feedback from the oculomotor muscles controlling the shape of the lens and the position of the eyes

Question 2

Static monocular depth cues

Answer 2

Cues that provide information about depth on the basis of the position of objects in the retinal image, the size of the retinal image, and the effects of lighting in the retinal image.

Question 3

Partial occlusion

Answer 3

A position-based depth cue-in scenes whee one object partially hides (occludes) another object, the occlusion indicates that the former is closer than the latter

Question 4

Relative height

Answer 4

A position-based depth cue-the relative height of the objects in the retinal with respect to eye level if there is no visible horizon-provides information about the objects relative distance from the observer

Question 5

Size-distance relation

Answer 5

The farther away an object is from the observer, the smaller is its retinal image

Question 6

Visual angle

Answer 6

The angle subtending by an object in the field of view

Question 7

Size perspective

Answer 7

A depth cue in scenes in which the size-distance relation is apparent

Question 8

Familiar size

Answer 8

A size-based depth cue-knowing the retinal image size of a familiar object at a familiar distance lets us use its retinal image size to gauge its distance

Question 9

Relative size

Answer 9

A size based depth cue-under the assumption that two or more object are about the same size, the relative size of their retinal images can be used to judge their relative distances

Question 10

Texture gradient

Answer 10

A size-based depth cue-if surface variations or repeated elements of a surface are fairly regular in size and spacing, the retinal image size of these equal-size features decreased as their distance increases

Question 11

Linear perspective

Answer 11

A size-based depth cue- parallel lines appear to converge as they recede in depth

Question 12

Linear Perspective

Answer 12

A size-based depth cue parallel lines appear to converge as they recede in depth

Question 13

Atmospheric perspective

Answer 13

A lighting-based depth cue the farther away an object is, the more air the light must pass through to reach us and the more that light can be scattered, with the result that distant objects appear less distinct than nearby objects

Question 14

Motion parallax

Answer 14

A dynamic depth cue-the difference in speed and direction with which objects appear to move in the retinal image as an observer moves within the scene.

Question 15

Optic flow

Answer 15

A dynamic depth cue-the relative motions of objects and surfaces I. The retinal image as the observer moves forward and backward through a scene

Question 16

Deletion

Answer 16

A dynamic depth cue-the gradual hiding of an object as it passes behind another one

Question 17

Accretion

Answer 17

A dynamic depth cue-the gradual revealing of an object as it emerges from behind another one

Question 18

Stereopsis

Answer 18

The vivid sense of depth arising from the visual systems processing of the different retinal images in the two eyes.

Question 19

Binocular disparity

Answer 19

A depth cue based on differences in relative positions of the retinal images of objects in the two eyes

Question 20

Corresponding points

Answer 20

A point on the left retina and a point on the right retina that would coincide if the two retinas were superimposed-for example, the fovea of the two eyes

Question 21

Noncorresponding points

Answer 21

A point on the left retina and a point on the right retina that wouldn’t coincide if the two retinas were superimposed-for example, the fovea of one eye and a point 4mm to the right of the fovea in the other eye

Question 22

Horopter

Answer 22

An imaginary surface defined by the locations in s scene from which objects would project retinal images at corresponding points

Question 23

Crossed disparity

Answer 23

A type of binocular disparity produced by an object that is closer than the horopter-you would have to cross your eyes to look at it

Question 24

Uncrossed disparity

Answer 24

A type of binocular disparity produced by an object that is farther away than the horopter-you would have to uncross your eyes to look at it

Question 25

Zero disparity

Answer 25

A type of binocular disparity in which the retinal image of an object falls at corresponding points in the two eyes

Question 26

Correspondence problem

Answer 26

The problem of determining which features in the retinal image in one eye correspond to which features in the retinal image in the other eye

Question 27

Stereogram

Answer 27

Two depictions of a scene that differ in the same way as an observers two retinal images of that scene do; an observer who simultaneously views one image with one eye and the other image with the one eye and the other image with the other eye (as in a stereoscope) will see a combined image in depth

Question 28

Anaglyph

Answer 28

A stereo gram in which the two photographs taken from adjacent camera positions are printed in contrasting colors and then superimposed; an observer who views an anaglyph with special glasses in which one lens filters out one of the other colors and the other lens filters out the other color will see a single image in depth

Question 29

Binocular cells

Answer 29

Neurons that respond best to the stimulation of their receptive fields in both eyes simultaneously

Question 30

Eemmert’s law

Answer 30

Size-distance invariance of retinal afterimages-the perceived size of an afterimage is proportional to the distance of the surface on which its projected

Question 31

Shape constancy

Answer 31

A type of perceptual constancy-the tendency to perceive an objects shape as constant despite changes in the shape of the objects retinal image due to the objects changing orientation

Question 32

Shape-slant invariance

Answer 32

The relation between perceived shape and perceived slant: the perceived shape of an object depends on its perceived slant, and vise versa

Question 33

Ames room

Answer 33

A room specially designed to create an illusory perception of depth; when viewed with one eye through a peephole, all of the rooms trapezoidal surfaces look rectangular