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American History > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What did James Madison do?

A

Founding father
Fourth president
Serious patriot
Served in Congress during the war and tried to get the states to work together

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2
Q

After declaring independence what did Congress do? Why did it fail?

A

-Tried to unite states under one national gov.
-People feared a strong central government would take away their rights

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3
Q

What did the Articles do?

A

“Created a firm league of friendship” between the states
States cooperated for common purposes

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4
Q

Who ran the Articles & how many votes did each state have in it?

A

Congress
1

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5
Q

What could the Articles not do?

A

Could not create a national army
No chief executive
Amendments required all 13 states to agree
New laws needed 9/13 states to approve
Couldn’t force states to pay owed debts
No national court system
Could not settle disputes between states
No power to tax- could only ask

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6
Q

Difference between amendments and laws?

A

Amendments are refinements to something that is already in place
A new law is a completely new piece of legislation

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7
Q

What was the (non-existent) national court system?

A

There was no judiciary to interpret or enforce laws at the national level

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8
Q

What did Congress pass to settle disputes between who owned what land?

A

The Land Ordinance of 1785

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9
Q

What was the Land Ordinance of 1785

A
  • western lands divided into 6 mile squares (townships)
    -each township divided into 36 sections of 640 acres
    -1 section of each township was set aside for public schools
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10
Q

Where were the townships laid out?

A

In Ohio Valley, then known as Northwest Territory

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11
Q

What was the Northwest Territory?

A

Bounded by Ohio & Mi rivers and the Great Lakes

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12
Q

Who gave the US the Northwest Territory

A

The Treaty of Paris in 1783

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13
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

-law passed by Congress that specified how Western lands be governed
-divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories, each governed by a territorial governor.
-When territory had 5,000 free adult males, it could elect its own legislature, or lawmaking body
-When population reached 60,000 it could apply to Congress to become a state

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14
Q

What else did the NW Ordinance include?

A

A list of rights that gave settlers the same privileges as other citizens except for slavery, which was banned

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15
Q

What happened before the debate developed on how land should be acquired?

A

The 13 states ceded claims to land between APPALACHIAN AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER to the federal gov

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16
Q

What document did the Northwest Ordinance follow?

A

The principles outline by Thomas Jefferson in the Ordinance of 1784

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17
Q

Who were the authors of the Ordinance?

A

Nathan Dane
Rufus King

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18
Q

Where was the Ordinance used?

A

As the country expanded to the Pacific

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19
Q

What was the first principal in the document?

A

The Northwest Territory would be divided into less than 5 but more than 3 states

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20
Q

What happened in the first stage of admitting a new state to the Union?

A

Congressionally appointed governor
Secretary
Three judges to rule

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21
Q

Second phase of Northwest Ordinance?

A

+elected assembly & one non voting delegate elected in the 2nd phase when the population reached 5000 free males of full age

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22
Q

What happened when the population reached 60,000?

A

A state constitution would be drafted and membership to the Union would be requested

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23
Q

What did the bill of rights say In the Northwest Ordinance?

A

protected religious freedom, the right to a write of habeas corpus, the benefit to trial by jury, & other individual rights
encouraged education
forbade slavery

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24
Q

What did Shays and his men do to rebel?

A

Closed down courthouses to keep judges from taking their farms
Marched on the national arsenal at Springfield and seized the weapons

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25
Q

Why was Congress unable to stop Shays and his men?

A

The Continental Army was disbanded

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26
Q

What did the MA gov do to end Shays Rebellion?

A

Sent militia troops to Springfield to restore order

27
Q

Where did the Convention meet?

A

East room of PA State house (now known as Independence Hall)

28
Q

Who attended the Constitutional Convention?

A

55 delegates from 12 states - RI
John Adams & Jefferson were representing the US in GB and France
Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, John Hancock bc they feared a strong national government would endanger the rights of the states

29
Q

How many notes did Madison write and how do they help us?

A

600 helps us understand what happened in the Convention day by day

30
Q

What was one thing the delegates were committed to? What did these things reflect?

A

The Ideals of the D of I
Powers came from the consent of the governed
Reflected Enlightenment

31
Q

Describe Enlightenment thinkers

A

Liberal thinkers
Rights to liberty & equality

32
Q

What was the best way the delegates decided to protect the rights?

A

Republic

33
Q

Who could vote in PA
Where could women vote?

A

Free white males
New Jersey

34
Q

Who did James Madison believe the power should come from in a government?

A

The ppl

35
Q

Who created the V plan and what was it?

A

Drafted by James Madison & proposed by Edmund Randolph
3 branches
Congress made of 2 parts
Bicameral (Senate and house of reps)
Number of reps depended on population

36
Q

NJ plan

A

William Paterson of New Jersey
Unicameral w/ one house in leg branch
3 branches
Each state would have an equal vote in congress

37
Q

What did James WIlson think?

A

Rep based on pop

38
Q

Gunning Bedford of Delaware

A

Thought small states would get swallowed by large states and hurt and threatened that small states would join a foreign ally

39
Q

Rufus King of MA

A

thought ginning Bedford was crazy for saying that small states would join foreign ally after GB

40
Q

Who put forward the Great Compromise and from where?

A

Roger Sherman of Connecticut

41
Q

Compromise plan

A

kept two-house Congress
house of reps - pop
Senate - 2 senators from each state elected by their state legislatures

42
Q

Elbridge Gerry

A

Thought “blacks are property” and like most northern states thought they should be taxed

43
Q

Morrises opinion of slave representation

A

they are property shouldnt be counted
still wanted to stop slavery

44
Q

Who became president of an antislavery society in 1787

A

Franklin bruh

45
Q

Who proposed the 3-5ths compromise?

A

Madison

46
Q

What did northern delegates favor to benefit business in the north?

A

Give Congress broad power to control trade between states & other countries

47
Q

What did southern delegates worry that Congress would do if they got control to trade?

A

they would tax- exports and outlow trade of slaves

48
Q

What two state s objected that their economies would collapse w/o slaves

A

SC and georgia

49
Q

What two people urged one executive?

A

Charles Pinckney and James Wilson

50
Q

What did Wilson sayy was good about a single executive?

A

a good gov depends on clear, timely, & responsible leadership which can be found in 1 person

51
Q

WHo opposed a single executive and why?

A

Edmund Randolph - thought 3 could lead better than 1 in a 3 person executive system
Franklin - no one knows how the next executive will act

52
Q

What was the conflict between who chose the executive?

A

Some delegates wanted Congress to do is
Gov Morris disagreed

Some people that ppl would elect but Madison said that ppl would naturally vote for someone from their own state

Others suggested a group of electors that would have an objective opinion

53
Q

How many electors are in the electoral college?

A

the number of senators and representatives it sends to Congress.

54
Q

WHo voted for electors back then and wb Now?

A

delegates left the states decide how to choose electors
most states had legislatures choose electors
Today ppl choose electors and then those electors cast their ballots for president & vice president on a day chosen by congress

55
Q

What happened within a few years of the Convention?

A

politcal parties were nominating presidentail candidates and education voters about them

56
Q

Who swayed the opinion of the delegates when deciding who should ratify the constitution and how?

A

James Madison said ppl are foundation of power = delegates agreed

57
Q

How was the constitution ratified

A

At special conventions by delegates elected by the people in each state

58
Q

How many ppl left the Convention before it ended and what 3 didnt sign

A

13 left
Edmund Randolph, George Mason of Virginia and Elbridge Gerry of MA

59
Q

Why did Mason not sign the constitution?

A

too much power to national gov

60
Q

WHy did Gerry not sign it?

A

no protection of ppls rights

61
Q

Why did Anti-Federalists not like the new plan?

A

thought Congress would tax- too much
president would rule like a king
judicial branch would overpower state courts
no bill of rights
didn’t want change

62
Q

Who came up with the 15 proposals that became known as ___

A

George Washington, George Mason, Edmund Randolph, James Madison
Virginia Plan

63
Q

WHo handwrote the entire Constitution

A

Gov Morris

American History (11 decks)

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