Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

State

A

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs. (aka country)

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2
Q

Microstate

A

States with very small land areas.

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3
Q

Sovereignty

A

Independence from control of its internal affairs by other states.

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4
Q

Nation-state

A

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity.

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5
Q

City-state

A

A sovereign state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside.

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6
Q

Self-determination

A

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.

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7
Q

Multiethnic state

A

A state that contains more than one ethnicity.

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8
Q

Multinational state

A

A state that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination and self-government.

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9
Q

Colony

A

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being completely independent.

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10
Q

Colonialism

A

An effort by one country to establish settlements in a territory and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on that territory.

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11
Q

Boundary

A

An invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory.

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12
Q

Frontier

A

A zone where no state exercises complete political control.

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13
Q

Territorial waters

A

Up to 12 nautical miles from shore, a state may set laws regulating passage by ships registered in other states.

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14
Q

Contiguous zone

A

Between 12 and 24 nautical miles from shore, a state may enforce laws concerning pollution, taxation, customs, and immigration.

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15
Q

Exclusive economic zone

A

Between 24 and 200 nautical miles, a state has the sole right to fish and other marine life.

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16
Q

Compact state

A

The distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.

Example: Uganda

17
Q

Elongated state

A

Has a long and narrow shape.

Example: Chile

18
Q

Prorupted state

A

An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.

Example: Namibia

19
Q

Perforated state

A

A state that completely surrounds another one.

Example: South Africa

20
Q

Fragmented state

A

Includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.

Example: Tanzania

21
Q

Landlocked state

A

Lacks a direct outlet to a sea because it is completely surrounded by several other countries (or only one country, in the case of Lesotho).

22
Q

Democracy

A

A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office.

23
Q

Autocracy

A

A country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people.

24
Q

Anocracy

A

A country that is not fully democratic or autocratic but displays a mix of the two types.

25
Unitary state
Places most power in the hands of central government officials.
26
Federal state
Allocates strong power to units of local government within the country.
27
Gerrymandering
Redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power.
28
Balance of power
A condition of roughly equal strength between opposing alliances.
29
Terrorism
The systematic use of violence by a group calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm among a population or to coerce a government into actions it would not otherwise undertake or refrain from actions it wants to take.