Chapter 2

Question 1

Overpopulation

Answer 1

Occurs when the number of people exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Question 2

Census

Answer 2

A complete enumeration of a population.

Question 3

Ecumene

Answer 3

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Question 4

Arithmetic density

Answer 4

The total number of people divided by total land area.

Question 5

Physiological density

Answer 5

The number of people supported by a unit area of arable land.

Question 6

Agricultural density

Answer 6

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.

Question 7

MDC (MDEC)

Answer 7

More Developed (Economically) Countries

Question 8

LDC (LDEC)

Answer 8

Less Developed (Economically) Countries

Question 9

NIC

Answer 9

Newly Industrialized Countries (Economic growth, exports, rapid industrialization)

Question 10

HDI

Answer 10

Human Development Index (Life expectancy, education, per-capita income)

Question 11

Natural increase rate (NIR)

Answer 11

The percentage by which a population grow in a year.

Question 12

Doubling time

Answer 12

The number of years needed to double a population.

Question 13

Life expectancy

Answer 13

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live.

Question 14

Crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 14

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Question 15

Crude death rate (CDR)

Answer 15

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Question 16

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 16

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (15-49).

Question 17

Demographic transition

Answer 17

A process of change in a society’s population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population.

Question 18

Industrial revolution

Answer 18

Major improvements in manufacturing goods and delivering them to market, which resulted in unprecedented wealth and healthier communities.

Question 19

Medical revolution

Answer 19

When medical technology invented by Europe and North America diffused to developing countries, eliminating many causes of death and increasing lifespan.

Question 20

Zero population growth (ZPG)

Answer 20

When the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR approaches zero.

Question 21

Sex ratio

Answer 21

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Question 22

Maternal mortality rate

Answer 22

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births, most commonly obstetrical hemorrhage followed by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Question 23

Population pyramid

Answer 23

A bar graph that displays the percentage of a place’s population for each age and gender.

Question 24

Dependency ratio

Answer 24

The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years.

Question 25

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 25

The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births.

Question 26

Epidemiology

Answer 26

The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a particular time and are produced by some special cause.

Question 27

Epidemiologic transition

Answer 27

Focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition.

Question 28

Pandemic

Answer 28

A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.