Chapter 8

Question 1

buddhism

Answer 1

n. the oldest universalizing religion, which arose from a hearth in northeastern India sometime between the mid-sixth and mid-fourth centuries b.c.e. and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha

Question 2

christianity

Answer 2

n. a universalizing religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ that began in what is now the West Bank and Israel around the beginning of the common era and has spread to all continents

Question 3

ethnic religions

Answer 3

n. a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place

Question 4

hinduism

Answer 4

n. an ethnic religion that arose a few thousand years ago in South Asia and is closely tied to India

Question 5

islam

Answer 5

n. a universalizing religion based on the teachings of Muhammad that originated in the hearth of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century

Question 6

isolate

Answer 6

n. a language that is unrelated to any other known language

Question 7

judaism

Answer 7

n. the world’s first monotheistic religion, which developed among the Hebrew people of Southwest Asia about 4,000 years ago

Question 8

language branch

Answer 8

n. a collection of languages within a language family that share a common origin and separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago

Question 9

language family

Answer 9

n. a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin

Question 10

language groups

Answer 10

n. languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap

Question 11

secularized

Answer 11

v. focused on worldly rather than spiritual concerns

Question 12

sikhism

Answer 12

n. the newest universalizing religion; founded by Guru Nanak, who lived from 1469 to 1539, in the Punjab region of northwestern India

Question 13

universalizing religions

Answer 13

n. a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone