Chapter 17 Flashcards
blockbusting
a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices
brownfields
an abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb
de facto segregation
segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws
ecological footprint
the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
eminent domain
a government’s right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest
environmental injustice
the ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water; also called environmental racism
filtering
the process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to lower income groups
greenbelt
a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl
inclusionary zoning laws
law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers
land tenure
the legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land
mixed-use development
a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces
mixed-use zoning
zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure
new urbanism
a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland
redlining
practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood’s racial of ethnic makeup
regional planning
planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities
slow-growth cities
city where planners have used smart growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward
smart-growth policies
policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible
traditional zoning
zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential(low, medium, or high density), commercial, or industrial
transportation-oriented development
the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station
urban growth boundary
a boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand
urban renewal
the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when U.S. cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out slums as a means of rebuilding their downtowns
walkability
a measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment
zone of abandonment
area that has been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, declines in land value, and falling demand
