Chapter 5 Flashcards
asylum
n. the right to protection in a country
brain drain
n. the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another—often richer—country
chain migration
n. type of migration in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there
circular migration
n. migration pattern in which migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs
circulation
n. temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis
distance decay
n. a principle stating that the farther away one thing is from another, the less interaction the two things will have
emigration
n. movement away from a location
forced migration
n. type of migration in which people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
friction of distance
n. a concept that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve
gravity model
n. a model that predicts the interaction between two or more places; geographers derived the model from Newton’s law of universal gravitation
guest worker
n. a migrant who travels to a new country as temporary labor
human migration
n. the permanent movement of people from one place to another
human trafficking
n. defined by the United Nations as “the recruitment, transportation, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion)”
immigration
n. movement to a location
internal migration
n. movement within a country’s borders
internally displaced person
n. person who has been forced to flee his or her home but remains within the country’s borders
inter-regional migration
n. movement from one region of the country to another
intervening obstacle
n. an occurrence that holds migrants back
intervening opportunity
n. an occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
intra-regional migration
n. movement within one region of the country
kinship links
n. networks of relatives and friends
mobility
n. all types of movement from one location to another, whether temporary or permanent or over short or long distances
net migration
n. the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country
pull factor
n. a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
push factor
n. a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location
quota
n. limit on the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year
refugee
n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country for fear of persecution or death
relocation diffusion
n. the spread of culture traits through the movement of people
remittance
n. money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country
repatriate
v. to return to one’s home country
skills gap
n. a shortage of people trained in a particular industry
step migration
n. series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
transhumance
n. the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter
transnational migration
n. international migration in which people retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties with their countries of origin
voluntary migration
n. type of migration in which people make the choice to move to a new place
