Chapter 19 Flashcards
commodity dependence
an aspect of dependency theory that occurs when more than 60 percent of a country’s exports and economic health are tied to one or two resources
dependency theory
a theory that describes the development challenges and limitations faced by poorer countries and the political and economic relationships poorer countries have with richer countries
formal sector
businesses, enterprises, and other economic activities that have government supervision, monitoring, and protection, and are also taxed
Gender Development Index (GDI)
a measurement that calculates gender disparity in the three basic dimensions of human development: health, knowledge, and standard of living
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
a measurement that calculates inequality based on three categories: reproductive health, empowerment, and labor-market participation
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
the total value of the goods and services produced by a country’s citizens and companies within the country in a year
Gross National Income (GNI)
the total value of goods and services globally produced by a country in a year divided by the country’s population
Gross National Product (GNP)
the total value of the goods and services produced by a country’s citizens and companies both domestically and internationally
human development
the processes involved in the improvement of people’s freedoms, rights, capabilities, choices, and material conditions
Human Development Index (HDI)
a measure that determines the overall development of a country by incorporating three key dimensions of human development: life expectancy at birth, access to education measured in expected and mean years of schooling, and standard of living measured by GNI per capita
informal sector
any part of a country’s economy that is outside of government monitoring or regulation; sometimes called the informal economy
labor-marketplace participation (LMP)
rate that measures an economy’s active labor force, calculated by taking the sum of all employed workers divided by the working age population
microloans
a very small short-term loan with low interest intended to help people in need
stages of economic growth
a model that suggests that all countries can be categorized on a spectrum from traditional to modern and that to become modern, countries need to pass through distinct stages of economic growth in succession
women’s empowerment
women’s options and access to participate fully in the social and economic spheres of a society
