chapter 8

Question 1

Stages of cognitive development (Piaget)

Answer 1

1 sensorimotor (birth-2yr)
2 preoperational (2-7yr)
3 concrete-operational (7-11yr)
4 formal-operational (11-12yr +)

Question 2

• sensorimotor stage
  (6 sub stages)

Answer 2

1 reflex activity

2 primary circular reactions

3 secondary circular reactions

4 coordination of secondary schemes

5 tertiary circular reactions

6 mental representations

Question 3

Object permanence

Answer 3

the idea objects continue to exist when they are no longer visible or detectable through other senses
- 4-6m retrieve toys that are partially hidden
- 8-12m completely hidden

Question 4

neo-nativism (piaget)

Answer 4

the idea infants are born with substantial innate knowledge about the physical world

Question 5

representational insight
- the understanding that something can represent something else

Answer 5

Retrieval 1. Find toy in real room
Retrieval 2. Find model toy in model room
- 3yr old pass both
-2.5 yr old fail task 1

Question 6

egocentrism

Answer 6

a tendency to view the world from ones own perspective and to have difficulty recognizing another persons point of view

Question 7

Formal operational:
hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Answer 7

the ability to think hypothetically

Question 8

Formal operational:
inductive reasoning

Answer 8

where hypothesis are generated and then systematically tested in experiments

Question 9

Sociocultural perspective
( Vygotsky)

Answer 9

• cognitive development is driven by collaborative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society