Chapter 10

Question 1

what is intelligence?

Answer 1

there is no clear consensus on what intelligence is.

Srtucture of intelligence
-singular-component theory of intelligence
- multicomponent theories of intelligence

Factor analysis
-Any measure of intelligence requires analysis of multiple tasks

Question 2

Singular-component theory of intelligence

Answer 2

(Binet-Simon test)
-intended for those developing normally and for those with intellectual disabilities
-measure skills presumed to be necessary for classroom learning: attention, perception, memory, numerical reasoning, verbal comprehension, and so on

Question 3

Mental age(MA)

Answer 3

a measure of intellectual development that reflects the level of age-graded problems a child is able to solve

Question 4

who found that a child’s scores across a variety of cognitive tests were moderately correlated

Answer 4

Spearman
General mental factor: g
-he also noticed that intellectual performance was often inconsistent
special abilities: s

Question 5

Who factor analyzed 50 mental tests administered to grade 8 and college students

Answer 5

Thurstone

Question 6

Thurstone 7 primary mental abilities

Answer 6

1. spatial ability
2. perceptual speed
3. numerical reasoning
4. verbal meaning
5. word fluency
6. memory
7. inductive reasoning

Question 7

Factor analysis approaches

Answer 7

1. structure of intellect model
2. Fluid intelligence
3. Crystallized intelligence

Question 8

fluid intelligence

Answer 8

• the ability to perceive relationships and solve novel abstract problems that are not taught and are relatively free of cultural influence

Question 9

crystallized intelligence

Answer 9

• the ability to understand relations of solve problems that depend on knowledge acquired from schooling and other influences

Question 10

Sternbergs Triarchic Theory

Answer 10

-Contextual Component
-Experiential Component
-Componential Component

Question 11

Gardner’s Multiple intelligence theory

Answer 11

• At least nine kinds of intelligence
• Independent, with relative strengths and weaknesses
  -Injury to a particular area of the brain usually influences only one ability, leaving others unaffected

Question 12

Savant syndrome

Answer 12

some individuals are truly exceptional in one ability but poor in others

Question 13

Stanford-binet intelligence scale

Answer 13

• scores were initially based on mental age
• IQ= mental age/chronological age x100

Question 14

Newer approaches to intelligence testing

Answer 14

• Kaufman Assessment Battery for children
  -Dynamic testing

Question 15

Gardners multiple intelligence theory

Answer 15

• at least nine kinds of intelligence
  -Independent, with relative strengths and weaknesses
  Injury to a particular part of the brain usually influences only one ability, leaving others unaffected

Question 16

Savant syndrome

Answer 16

Some individuals are truly exceptional in one ability but poor in others

Question 17

Stanford- Binet intelligence scale

Answer 17

Scores were initially based on mental age
IQ= mental age/ chronological age x 100

Question 18

Newer approaches to intelligence testing

Answer 18

The Kaufman assessment battery for children

Dynamic assessment

Question 19

Assessing infant intelligence
Bayley scales of infant development

Answer 19

• motor scale
  -mental scale
• Behavioral record

Question 20

Intellectual disability

Answer 20

significant sub average intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior in every day life.

Question 21

Three criteria for intellectual disabilities

Answer 21

1. Deficits in intellectual functioning include reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, etc
2. Deficits in adaptive functioning hat result in failure to meet developmental socio cultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility
3. Onset during developmental period

Question 22

factors that influence IQ scores

Answer 22

1.Heredity
- Twin studies (Identical IQ correlate more then fraternal)
-Adoption studies ( resemble bio parents more than adoptive)
2.Enviorment
-parental attitude
-socioeconomic status
-sociocultural group

Question 23

Home environment factors that risk low IQ

Answer 23

• mother did not complete highschool
  -four or more children in fam
  -father is absent
  -family experiences many stresses
  -rigid child rearing values
  -mother has poor mental health
  -child is part of minority group
  -head of household is unemployed or low skilled worker
  -mother shows little pos affect toward child

Question 24

Home inventory (Caldwell and Bradley 1984)

Answer 24

A measurement of intellectual stimulation at home
ex. parents speech is distinct, clear and audible or child gets out of the house 4x week

Question 25

Cultural test bias hypothesis

Answer 25

• there is biases in the testing procedures
  -language use and measurement
  -“ knowledge training” vs “real questions”

Question 26

culture-fair IQ tests

Answer 26

do not require verbal responses and are designed to avoid disadvantages for poor people or those from minority subcultures