Chapter 8 Flashcards
Centralized organization
an organization that systematically works to concentrate authority at the upper levels of the organization
Control
the ability to make decisions and specify how those decisions will be carried out
Corporate culture
the inner customs, traditions, and values of an organization
Cross-functional team
a team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills that are brought together to achieve a common task
Decentralized organization
an organization where management consciously attempts to spread authority widely in the lower levels of the organization
Delegation
assigning tasks and some degree of authority to others
Departmentalization
the process of grouping jobs into manageable units
Efficiency
the ability to complete a task using a minimum amount of resources
Empowerment
the degree to which employees can make decisions on their own
Grapevine
the informal communications network within an organization
Informal organization
the pattern of behaviour and interaction that stems from personal rather than professional relationships
Job design
structuring the tasks and activities required to accomplish a business’s objectives into specific jobs so as to foster productivity and employee satisfaction
Job rotation
systematic shifting of employees from one job to another
Job specialization
the separation of all organizational activities into distinct tasks and the assignment of different tasks to different people
Line structure
an organizational structure in which the chain of command goes directly from person to person throughout the organization
Line-and-staff structure
an organizational structure that includes both line and staff positions
Matrix structure
an organizational structure where individuals from different functional areas work on project teams
Organizational chart
a visual representation of the structured relationships among tasks, responsibilities, and the people given the authority to do those tasks
Organizational design
the process that results in an organizational structure representing job design, departmentalization, centralization of authority, and span of management
Organizational height
the number of layers, or levels, of management in a business
Responsiveness
the speed at which an organization can improve its products in response to customer feedback, employee suggestions, or competitive pressures
Span of management
the number of workers who report directly to one manager, also called the span of control
Task Identity
how each job contributes to the final product or result
Task significance
the importance of the task
Task variety
the degree a job requires different activities
Clan culture
Family-like type environment rooted in collaboration, where leadership takes the form of mentorship and the organization is bound by commitment and tradition
Adhocracy culture
Individual ingenuity and experimentation, and employees are encouraged to take risks, think creatively, and innovate
Market culture
Result driven, goal oriented and extremely competitive. Driven by the common goal to succeed and employee performance is closely monitored
Hierarchy culture
Structure and control, with more formal work environment that values efficiency and consistency
