Chapter 10 Flashcards
Behaviour modification
a systematic program of reinforcement to encourage desirable behaviour
Employees ownership
a situation in which employees own the company they work for by virtue of being shareholders
Equity theory
a motivation theory based on the premise that people are motivated to obtain and preserve equitable treatment for themselves
ERG Theory
a theory of motivation developed by Clayton Alderfer that better supports empirical research when compared with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory; three components of the model are existence, relatedness, and growth.
Existence
the concern for basic material existence
Expectancy theory
a motivation theory based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it
Flextime
a system in which employees set their own work hours within employer-determined limits
Goal-setting theory
suggests that employees are motivated to achieve challenging, attainable, and specific goals that they and their managers establish together and receive feedback on
Growth
the concern for personal development
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
a motivation theory that suggests that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions
Hybrid working
a blend of working from home, on the go, or at the office
Job enlargement
a form of job enrichment where an employee is given additional but similar tasks to complete
Job enrichment
a method for motivating employees by providing them with increased variety, responsibility, and control over their jobs
Job redesign
a form of job enrichment where employees are assigned entirely new tasks that fit their skill sets and the organization’s needs
Job sharing
an arrangement whereby two people share one full-time position
Maintenance factors
according to Two-Factor Theory, job factors such as job security, pay, and working conditions that reduce dissatisfaction when present to an acceptable degree, but do not necessarily result in high levels of satisfaction and motivation
Management by objectives
a motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals to improve the performance of the organization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
a motivation theory that sequences human needs in the order of their importance, from physiological needs to self-actualization needs
Motivation
the driving force that influences how we behave and is driven by our need to achieve our goals
Motivation factors
according to Two-Factor Theory, job factors such as recognition, responsibility, and opportunities for advancement that increase satisfaction and motivation, although their absence does not necessarily result in dissatisfaction
Piece-rate system
a compensation system under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit of output they produce
Reinforcement
a means of modifying behaviour based on the premise that rewarded behaviour is likely to be repeated, while punished behaviour is less likely to recur
Relatedness
the concern for interpersonal relations
Scientific management
the application of scientific principles to management of work and workers
Telecommuting
working at home all the time or for a portion of the work week
Theory X
a concept of employee motivation generally consistent with Taylor’s scientific management; assumes that employees dislike work and will function only in a highly controlled work environment
Theory Y
a concept of employee motivation generally consistent with the ideas of the human relations movement; assumes responsibility and work toward organizational goals, and by doing so, personal rewards are also achieved
Theory Z
a combination of North American and Japanese management practices that emphasizes teamwork and individual accountability to the team and organization
Virtual teams
a type of team where members are geographically dispersed but communicate electronically
