Chapter 8 Flashcards
involves ensuring that performance does not deviate from standards.
Controlling
Controlling consists of three steps, which include
(1) establishing performance standards
(2) comparing actual performance against standards,
(3) taking corrective action when necessary
consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformities with the plans adopted, instructions issued and principles established.
controlling
ensures that there is effective and efficient utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the planned goals.
controlling
measures, the deviation of actual performance from the standard performance, discovers the causes of such deviations and helps in taking corrective actions.
Controlling
the use of formal authority to assure the achievement of goals and objectives.
Controlling
Functions of Control
It promotes effective use of resources, provides professional reinforcements and maintains activity and expectations.
An ongoing function of management which occurs during planning, organizing and directing activities
Controlling
Types of Control
- Feed forward Control (before)
- Concurrent Control (during)
- Feedback Controls (after)
> Control focuses on operations before they begin.
Feed forward Control (before)
> Control apply to process as they are happening
Concurrent Control (during)
> Controls focus on the result of the operations.
Feedback Controls (after)
Characteristics of Effective Control
- Control system must be designed appropriately to be effective.
- When control standards are inflexible and unrealistic, employees cannot focus on the organization’s goals.
- Control systems must prevent, not cause, the problem they were designed to detect.
Characteristics of Control Process:
- Control process is a cycle which means it is never finished.
It leads to identifying new problems. - Controlling often leads to management expecting change of behaviour from the employees. No matter how positive the changes may be for the organization, employees will
view it negatively. - Control is both anticipatory & retrospective. The process anticipates problem & takes preventive action. With the corrective actions…the process again follows up on problem.
- Persons in the health care delivery system views control as his responsibility. Never walk away from easily solvable problem.
These serve as the criteria against which performance is measured, and give an idea of the level of performance is measured, and give an idea of the level of performance that manager can expect of a person. These consist of the following:
Establish and Specify Criteria and Performance Standards
Desirable sets of conditions and performance necessary to ensure quality of nursing care service.
Standards
Types of standards are:
- Structure standards
- Process Standards
- Outcome Standards
> These services are then compared and evaluated against the standards through records, reports and observations.
Standards
> Standards that refer to actual nursing care procedures or those activities engaged in by other nurses to administer care
Process Standards
These are standards that are designed for measuring the results of nursing care.
Outcome Standards
> Standards that focus on the structure or management system used by an agency to organize and deliver nursing care, including the number and categories of nursing personnel who provide that care, professional qualities, functions, physical facilities and equipment
Structure standards
B. Resource Controls
> Time controls relate to deadlines and time constraints.
> Material controls relate to inventory and material; yield controls.
> Equipment controls are built into the machinery.
> Cost control help ensure cost standards are met.
> Budget control/expense related standards. (materials used & units to produced)
> Employee performance controls focus on actions and behaviors. (tardiness, absences, accidents quality & quantity of work.
They become control tools by pointing out deviations between the standard and actual consumption achieving the organization’s profit.
Financial Controls
Assess how efficiently and effectively an organization’s transformation processes create goods and services. TQM statistical process control and inventory control.
Operations Control
Use of statistics or mathematical methods and procedures to determine whether production operations are being performed correctly.
Statistical Process Control
