Chapter 8 Flashcards
Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
The tendency to consistently behave in specific ways is termed a(n)
a. behavioural specificity.
b. personality trait.
c. habit.
d. objective characteristic.
b. personality trait.
Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because
a. they always use the same scoring system.
b. they are based on the unique personality of the client taking the test.
c. objective observers rate the behaviour and personality of the individual.
d. they are not subject to mood or other contextual influences in testing.
a. they always use the same scoring system.
A self-report measure, derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency, intensity, or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as a(n)
a. behaviour checklist.
b. projective test.
c. intelligence test.
d. objective personality test.
a. behaviour checklist.
Most personality tests are based on __________ and are often called ___________ personality tests.
a. self-report; subjective
b. scoring by the test administrator; subjective
c. self-report; objective
d. scoring by the test administrator; objective
c. self-report; objective
___________ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli, and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about ____________.
a. Behaviour checklists; the frequency, intensity, or duration of behaviours
b. Behaviour checklists; personality structure
c. Projective tests; personality structure
d. Projective tests; the frequency, intensity, or duration of behaviours
c. Projective tests; personality structure
Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person’s
a. developmental history.
b. personality structure.
c. intelligence.
d. likelihood of faking good.
b. personality structure.
Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual’s behaviour is known as the
a. person-context debate.
b. individual-situation debate.
c. person-situation debate.
d. individual-context debate.
c. person-situation debate.
Which psychologist ignited the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?
a. Albert Bandura
b. Matthew Sanders
c. Theodore Millon
d. Walter Mischel
d. Walter Mischel
Walter Mischel’s (1968) literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found
a. a strong correlation.
b. a modest correlation.
c. an inverse correlation.
d. a correlation that was moderated by age.
b. a modest correlation.
Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety. In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn. She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community. Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:
a. evidence of the problem of multi-informant assessment.
b. evidence that Alicia is an unreliable informant.
c. evidence of conditions in which symptoms are less severe.
d. evidence of the need for projective tests to circumvent self-report biases.
c. evidence of conditions in which symptoms are less severe.
_________’s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.
a. Freud
b. Jung
c. Wechsler
d. Rogers
a. Freud
Wilson and Dunn’s (2004) review of research related to self-knowledge found:
a. evidence for the usage of conscious suppression.
b. evidence for the concept of repression.
c. introspection enhances the accuracy of self-understanding.
d. no evidence for the usage of conscious suppression.
a. evidence for the usage of conscious suppression.
In their review of research on self-knowledge, Wilson and Dunn (2004) suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by __________. However, social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by _____________.
a. introspection; attending to how others view us
b. attending to how others view us; intentionally observing our own behaviours and decisions
c. intentionally observing our own behaviours and decisions; introspection
d. attending to how others view us; introspection
b. attending to how others view us; intentionally observing our own behaviours and decisions
Most personality inventories include validity scales to
a. ensure that that the inventory is testing the construct it was designed to test.
b. ensure that the inventory is internally consistent.
c. ensure that the inventory is psychometrically sound.
d. detect whether a person is purposely presenting themselves in a positive or negative way.
d. detect whether a person is purposely presenting themselves in a positive or negative way.
Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as
a. faking bad.
b. impression management.
c. faking good.
d. positivity bias.
c. faking good.
Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case. In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation, one parent downplays his/her anger management problems. This is an example of
a. maligning.
b. faking bad.
c. negative image management.
d. faking good.
d. faking good.
Validity scales focus on three possible tendencies that could distort the answers given by test takers including:
a. faking good, faking bad, and inconsistent responses
b. faking bad, inconsistent responses, and incorrect answers
c. faking good, faking bad, and incorrect answers
d. faking good, inconsistent responses, and incorrect answers.
a. faking good, faking bad, and inconsistent responses
Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as
a. malingering.
b. negative image management.
c. maligning.
d. undermining.
a. malingering.
The Test of Memory Malingering, designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______________, has demonstrated ________ accuracy in identifying malingering.
a. behaviour problems; high
b. neurological impairments; high
c. psychological problems; low
d. physical impairments; low
b. neurological impairments; high
Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses
a. is inconclusive.
b. indicates that projective tests are consistently more easily faked than are self- report measures.
c. indicates that self-report measures are consistently more easily faked than are projective tests.
d. suggests that the ambiguous nature of projective tests makes it difficult for clients to exaggerate or minimize psychological problems.
a. is inconclusive.
When conducting an assessment with a client from an ethnic minority background for whom no culturally validated measures are available, the psychologist should:
a. avoid using scores, or indicate that the scores may not provide an optimal assessment of the client’s functioning.
b. indicate in the assessment report that accuracy and validity of results may be less than ideal.
c. use the test only to aid in generating hypotheses about the client’s functioning.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
- In translating and adapting a test for use in a second language, back translation refers to:
a. Translation of the items into the second language, then translation back into the first language by a differed translator and comparison of the two versions.
b. conducting pilot testing of the translated measure to ensure it is comprehensible.
c. re-standardizing scores on the measure using norms specific to the translated measure.
d. establishing construct validity between the two version to determine whether the instruments measure the same psychological qualities in both languages.
a. Translation of the items into the second language, then translation back into the first language by a differed translator and comparison of the two versions.
After decades of validity research and frequent clinical use, there is ____________ scientific evidence that MMPI or Rorschach scores have a meaningful impact on the outcome of psychological services.
a. overwhelming
b. adequate
c. virtually no
d. an unsubstantiated amount of
c. virtually no
A study by Lima and colleagues (2005) found that providing clinicians with access to patient MMPI-2 data at the beginning of treatment
a. impacted the number of sessions attended, but had no impact on patient improvement.
b. did not impact the number of sessions attended, but positively impacted patient improvement.
c. impacted the number of sessions attended and negatively impacted patient improvement.
d. did not impact either the number of sessions attended or on patient improvement.
d. did not impact either the number of sessions attended or on patient improvement.
