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Clinical Psychology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which twentieth century advances set the stage for psychologists to play a significant role in health promotion, treatment of disease, and rehabilitation?

  • Sanitation.
  • Medicine.
  • Medical technology.
  • All of the above.
A

All of the above

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2
Q

Within a medical model, disability is considered a _________ requiring treatment to correct the problem, whereas within a social model, disability is viewed as a ____________.

  • characteristic of a person; function of both the physical and social environments
  • function of the social environment; characteristic of a person
  • function of the physical environment; a function of the way the person reacts to perceived
    limitations
  • characteristic of a person; impairment associated with physical health problems
A

characteristic of a person; function of both the physical and social environments

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3
Q

The World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted a ______________ model of disability.

  • psychosocial
  • social-contextual
  • biosocial
  • biopsychosocial
A

biopsychosocial

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4
Q

According to the WHO model of disability, an individual’s functioning or disability is determined by the interaction of . . .

  • pre-morbid functioning and supportiveness of the environment.
  • the availability of integrated services and readiness to change.
  • severity of impairment and motivation to change.
  • health conditions and contextual variables.
A

health conditions and contextual variables.

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5
Q

According to Canadian Disability Survey rates of disability ______________ with age.

  • decrease
  • remain constant
  • increase
  • can either decrease or increase
A

increase

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6
Q

Canadian Disability Survey data from 2012 revealed a disability rate of:

  • 7%.
  • 14%.
  • 26%.
  • 33%.
A

14%

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7
Q

Data from the Canadian Disability Survey show that among working-age adults, the most common type of disability was related to pain, followed by flexibility and mobility chronic pain and mobility limitations

  • pain
  • flexibility
  • mobility
  • agility
A

pain

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8
Q

Data from the Canadian Disability Survey revealed that _____________was the most common disability in those aged over 65.

  • flexibility
  • mobility
  • pain
  • learning disability
A

mobility

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9
Q

___________ refers to aspects of well-being for individuals living with diverse disorders, as well as for their caregivers.

  • Quality-of-life
  • Biosocial health
  • Level of satisfaction
  • Environmental contentment
A

Quality of life

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10
Q

In recent decades and many quality-of-life assessment tools have been developed for use with people suffering from mental and physical problems, for example, there is now considerable research on quality of life.

  • primarily with very elderly patients.
  • among children suffering from depression.
  • among people with cancer.
  • focusing on mental and not physical problems.
A

among people with cancer.

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11
Q

To conduct health psychology research

  • it is not necessary to have clinical training.
  • the researcher is strongly advised to obtain clinical training.
  • it is mandatory that the individual have clinical training.
  • it is mandatory to have clinical training for clinical (rather than empirical) research only.
A

it is not necessary to have clinical training.

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12
Q

When conducting assessments and interventions clinical health psychologists must

  • be knowledgeable about the physical disorders from which their patients suffer.
  • consider psychological issues, such as the applicability of a mental disorder diagnosis in
    addition to a physical disorder.
  • consider the person’s social context.
  • all of the above.
A
  • be knowledgeable about the physical disorders from which their patients suffer
  • consider psychological issues, such as the applicability of a mental disorder diagnosis in addition to a physical disorder
  • consider the person’s social context
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13
Q

A pain that serves an unpleasant, but useful, function for an individual and lasts for a short duration is classified as _______ pain.

  • acute
  • prolonged
  • chronic
  • short-term
A

acute

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14
Q

Pain is considered chronic when it persists for . . .

  • less than 6 weeks.
  • 6 – 12 weeks.
  • more than 3 months.
  • more than 6 months.
A

more than 6 months.

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15
Q

____________ is a helpful strategy for managing acute pain in children.

  • Distraction
  • Denying the pain
  • Giving false reassurance
  • Focusing on the pain
A

distraction

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16
Q

Using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011/2012, Gilmour (2015) reported that ______ of Canadians aged 18 or older reported that they experienced chronic pain.

  • 2%
  • 12%
  • 22%.
  • 32%.
A

22%

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17
Q

Psychological approaches to treatment for chronic pain management involve

  • problem-solving.
  • relaxation.
  • contingency management.
  • all of the above.
A
  • problem-solving
  • relaxation
  • contingency management
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18
Q

CBT treatment for insomnia includes:

  • sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, cognitive restructuring.
  • sleep hygiene, behavioural activation, sleep restriction, cognitive restructuring.
  • behavioural activation, sleep hygiene, exposure, cognitive restructuring.
  • exposure, cognitive restructuring, stimulus control, sleep restriction.
A
  • sleep hygiene
  • stimulus control
  • sleep restriction
  • cognitive restructuring
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19
Q

If Joanna avoids caffeine and other stimulants in the evening she is practising good . . .

  • sleep strategies.
  • rest enhancers.
  • sleep hygiene.
  • self-care.
A

sleep hygiene

20
Q

Principles of sleep hygiene include:

  • stimulus control.
  • sleep restriction.
  • avoiding caffeine, smoking, and exercise near bedtime.
  • taking a hot bath or shower before going to bed.
A

avoiding caffeine, smoking, and exercise near bedtime.

21
Q

Behavioural strategies to treat insomnia include:

  • getting out of bed when unable to sleep and returning only when sleepy.
  • avoiding caffeine in the evening.
  • changing dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.
  • avoiding exercise late in the evening.
A

getting out of bed when unable to sleep and returning only when sleepy.

22
Q

CBT treatments for insomnia . . .

  • can be delivered inexpensively and effectively.
  • can be delivered only in individual therapy.
  • are more expensive than pharmacotherapy.
  • have only shown effectiveness in the short-term.
A

can be delivered inexpensively and effectively.

23
Q

Neuropsychology is the study of ____________, whereas clinical neuropsychology is _____.

  • neurological injury or disease; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate
    effects of neurological injury or disease
  • brain-behaviour relationships; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate
    effects of neurological injury or disease
  • neurological injury or disease; the study of brain-behaviour relationships
  • brain-behaviour relationships; the study of neurological injury or disease
A

brain-behaviour relationships; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate effects of neurological injury or disease

24
Q

Which test is widely considered a useful tool in evaluating cognitive functioning?

  • The Reitan-Luria battery.
  • The Luria-Halstead battery.
  • The Halstead-Morin battery.
  • The Halstead-Reitan battery.
A

the Halstead-Reitan battery

25
Q

The ways that injuries and diseases affect the brain is referred to as

  • neuroanatomy.
  • neuropathology.
  • neurology.
  • neuropsychology.
A

neuropathology

26
Q

In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at formulating a diagnosis, a relevant question could include:

  • Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?
  • To what extent will this child’s acquisition of language be affected by head injury?
  • What is the extent of damage to this employee who sustained an electric shock?
  • What can be done to help this person with mild memory loss?
A

Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?

27
Q

In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at providing information for treatment planning and rehabilitation, a relevant question could include:

  • Is there evidence of brain dysfunction that could be related to the person committing a
    violent act?
  • What kind of special learning aids will this child with a learning disability require?
  • To what extent will this child’s acquisition of language be affected by her head injury?
  • Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?
A

What kind of special learning aids will this child with a learning disability require?

28
Q

Research has demonstrated that there is _______________ between performance on a neuropsychological test and performance of the activities of daily living.

  • no simple correspondence
  • a very strong causal link
  • some relationship
  • no relationship
A

no simple correspondence

29
Q

Many norms for neuropsychological tests are based on samples that under-represent . . .

  • children.
  • minorities.
  • females.
  • all of the above.
A

minorities

30
Q

Conducted by clinical neuropsychologists, _________ assessment is specifically designed to balance the need for autonomy with the need for protection, and requires an understanding of the ways in which functioning can be impaired by injury and degenerative processes.

  • legal
  • deterioration
  • capacity
  • traumatic brain injury
A

capacity

31
Q

The history of treatment for individuals with neurocognitive impairment is _________ the history of treatment for mental disorders.

  • comparable to
  • much more extensive than
  • relatively brief compared to
  • controversial compared to
A

relatively brief compared to

32
Q

A survey of rehabilitation programs within the American Hospital Association (2003) revealed that _________ programs incorporated neuropsychological testing for individuals who had been hospitalized for a stroke or brain injury.

  • no
  • few
  • most
  • all
A

few

33
Q

Treatment planning in rehabilitation based on the acronym SMART (Wilson, 2008) establishes goals that are

  • specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely.
  • short, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely.
  • specific, measurable, active, reliable and timely.
  • short, measurable, active, reliable and timely.
A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Timely

34
Q

A meta-analysis of 26 studies of cognitive rehabilitation for individuals with acquired brain injury revealed

  • evidence of significant improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated
    patients over time
  • evidence of modest improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated
    patients over time
  • evidence of minor improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated
    patients over time
  • evidence of no improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated patients
    over time
A

evidence of significant improvements in working memory in both treated and untreated patients over time

35
Q

A meta-analysis of 16 studies conducted by Guardia-Olmos, Perŏ-Cebellero, & Gudayol- Ferré (2015) found that rehabilitation produced ________________ improvement in quality of life are methodologically sound.

  • a permanent.
  • a long-term.
  • at least a temporary
  • at least a complete
A

at least a temporary

35
Q

The College of Psychologists of Ontario requires that forensic psychologists have additional
knowledge in . . .

  • criminal behaviour.
  • risk management.
  • risk assessment.
  • all of the above.
A

all of the above

36
Q

Based on expert opinion on tests for forensic evaluations, the most highly recommended tool for assessing the risk of violence is the . . .

  • Violence Risk Appraisal Guide.
  • MCMI-II.
  • MMPI-2.
  • Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.
A

Psychopathy Checklist - Revised

37
Q

The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is ___________ assessing risk of violence.

  • as effective as projective measures in
  • one of many effective tools for
  • the most highly recommended tool for
  • the least highly recommended tool for
A

the most highly recommended tool for

38
Q

Viljoen, MacLachlan, and Vincent (2010) found that forensic psychologists routinely used standardized measures in assessing violence risk among youth and adults. Those working with ________ offenders were less likely to include measures of psychopathy than were those working with __________ offenders.

  • young; repeat
  • young; adult
  • adult; young
  • adult; repeat
A

young; adult

39
Q

The risk assessments conducted by forensic psychologists focus primarily on

  • the risk of the individual re-engaging in violent criminal behaviour.
  • the risks that individuals pose to themselves.
  • ability to benefit from social skills group training.
  • suicidal risk.
A

the risk of the individual re-engaging in violent criminal behaviour.

40
Q

Canadian researcher Robert Hare is primarily known for his ground-breaking work on . . .

  • antisocial personality disorder.
  • psychopathy.
  • neurological deficits.
  • aging.
A

psychopathy.

41
Q

The PCL-R . . .

  • measures psychopathy.
  • is considered to be the single best predictor of violent behaviour.
  • is considered to be useful in diverse cultural contexts.
  • all of the above.
A
  • measures psychopathy.
  • is considered to be the single best predictor of violent behaviour
  • is considered to be useful in diverse cultural contexts
42
Q

What is the term used to describe the act of committing a crime after release from incarceration?

  • Relapse
  • Lapse
  • Recidivism
  • Recriminalization
A

recidivism

43
Q

Meta-analyses by Dowden and Andrews (2004) support the utility of ____________ interventions for offenders.

  • CBT
  • Experiential
  • Psychodynamic
  • Interpersonal
A

CBT

44
Q

A meta-analysis by Wilson and colleagues (2005) found that offenders who had been treated had a recidivism rate of ________% whereas untreated offenders had a recidivism rate of ________%.

  • 77; 25
  • 22; 50
  • 46; 54
  • 56; 56
A

46; 54

Clinical Psychology (9 decks)

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