Chapter 13

Question 1

Data from an American study of 1,420 adolescents indicate that only ________ adolescents requiring services for psychopathology received them.

Answer 1

one-third of

Question 2

Hawley and Weisz (2005) found that the youth-therapist alliance was related to _______, whereas the parent-therapist alliance was related to ________________.

Answer 2

symptom improvement; participation in therapy.

Question 3

Consent procedures for youth vary according to

Answer 3

the jurisdiction and context in which services are offered.

Question 4

Research reviews in the 1950s and 1960s by Levitt concluded that there was ____________ evidence for the efficacy of child psychotherapy.

Answer 4

no

Question 5

The meta-analysis conducted by Kazdin and colleagues in 1990 found that treatment studies often used ________ samples and that they were treated in a(n) _________ format.

Answer 5

volunteer; group

Question 6

Kazdin and colleagues (1990) drew attention to the fact that clinical practice usually involves________ samples treated in a(n) _________ format.

Answer 6

referred; individual

Question 7

Data from larger samples have _______ error variance, and are therefore _______ population values.

Answer 7

less; closer to

Question 8

The statistical procedure that accounts for error inherent when sampling data from a population by assigning less weight in a meta-analysis to studies with greater error variance and more heavily weighting those with less error variance is known as the

Answer 8

weighted least squares method.

Question 9

Weisz et al. (1995) conducted the fourth major meta-analysis of the effects of child therapy and introduced a statistical technique known as the

Answer 9

weighted least squares method.

Question 10

A study by McLeod and Weisz (2004) found that published studies reported ________ effect sizes compared to unpublished dissertations.

Answer 10

larger

Question 11

McLeod and Weisz (2004) found that unpublished dissertations studying child psychotherapy, compared with published studies,

Answer 11

were more methodologically sound, and obtained lower effect sizes.

Question 12

One of the methodological considerations of meta-analyses of psychological treatments for children and adolescents has centred on whether to include

Answer 12

both published and unpublished studies.

Question 13

Psychotherapy researchers in various countries have developed psychosocial interventions that effectively help children and youth living with

Answer 13

• autism.
• depression and anxiety
• ADHD and disr

Question 14

A meta-analysis of 32 studies comparing evidence-based treatments to usual clinical care found that

Answer 14

evidence-based treatments consistently outperformed usual clinical care.

Question 15

Evidence-based treatments for disorders in children and youth include treatments for

Answer 15

substance abuse.

Question 16

Huey and Polo’s (2008) meta-analysis of the efficacy of evidence-based treatments with ethnic minority youth found

Answer 16

evidence that a number of treatments are probably efficacious in the treatment of minority youth.

Question 17

The current movement to develop interdisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of diverse childhood disorders is designed to

Answer 17

• inform policy-makers of mental health practices
• guide consumers (children and their families) of treatment options
• help mental health professionals deliver services that are based on current research findings.

Question 18

What is the most common reason for which adults refer children and youth for mental health services?

Answer 18

Disruptive behaviour.

Question 19

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is based on

Answer 19

a pattern of persistent negativistic and hostile behaviour usually evident before age 8.

Question 20

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the progression of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD)?

Answer 20

ODD often precedes CD.

Question 21

There is evidence that if untreated, the problems associated with disruptive behaviour disorders in childhood

Answer 21

persist into adulthood.

Question 22

Evidence-based parenting programs are based on the assumption that oppositional child behaviour can be changed by modifying the child’s social environment

Answer 22

by working with parents rather than by working directly with the child.

Question 23

Evidence-based parenting programs involve reducing the child’s oppositional behaviour by

Answer 23

modifying the child’s social environment.

Question 24

Coercive exchanges between parents and their children are characterized by parents

Answer 24

rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children rewarding parents by ceasing the aversive behaviour.

Question 25

When a parent unintentionally rewards the child for inappropriate behaviour and the child rewards the parent for giving in to inappropriate behaviour, this is referred to as a(n)

Answer 25

coercive exchange.

Question 26

Core parenting skill(s) identified by Patterson and his colleagues (2005) include

Answer 26

• discipline.
• skill encouragement.
• problem-solving.

Question 27

Research has consistently demonstrated that ______ families engage in fewer positive interactions than _____ families.

Answer 27

distressed; nondistressed

Question 28

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated is known as

Answer 28

positive reinforcement.

Question 29

Over time, parents should strive to use ________ with their children to reinforce desired behaviours.

Answer 29

social reinforcers

Question 30

When a child does not have access to reinforcers for a brief time following misbehaviour, this period is referred to as

Answer 30

time out.

Question 31

Parenting strategies are designed to be used by parents

Answer 31

to help children develop.

Question 32

Patterson (2005) found that that parent-child warmth is associated with

Answer 32

parental monitoring.

Question 33

Patterson (2005) found that adolescent-parent contempt is associated with ____________, which in turn is associated with ___________.

Answer 33

inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring; delinquency

Question 34

Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is an approach to treat delinquent adolescents by

Answer 34

intervening in an integrated way in the multiple systems in which youth are involved.

Question 35

A theory of psychosocial functioning that examines a young person’s functioning within the multiple contexts in which he or she lives is known as

Answer 35

an ecological theory.

Question 36

Multisystemic Therapy (MST) involves

Answer 36

• emphasizing the positive and using systemic strengths as levers for change
• developmentally appropriate interventions
• targeting sequences of behaviour within and between multiple systems that maintain the identified problem

Question 37

Multisystemic therapists work ________ and treatment typically lasts for ____________.

Answer 37

in small teams; 3-5 months

Question 38

Research has demonstrated that although depression is _________ common in adolescence as in adulthood; research in adolescent depression has been _______ extensive than the research for depression in adults.

Answer 38

almost as; less

Question 39

The NICE guidelines recommend, for treating children and youth with depression,

Answer 39

that antidepressants should never be used without an accompanying psychological treatment.

Question 40

Tracking mood on a regular basis, usually using a chart is

Answer 40

mood monitoring

Question 41

Weisz et al (2013) conducted a meta-analysis of 52 randomized trials that compared an evidence-based treatment for children and adolescents to usual care. On average, youth

Answer 41

a better outcome than 60% of youth receiving usual care.

Question 42

Lee, Horvath, and Hunsley (2013) found that evidence-based treatments for children and youth

Answer 42

can be effective when used in routine practice settings.

Question 43

A modular approach in which practice elements are combined to meet the needs of diverse youth holds considerable promise. A modular approach requires

Answer 43

extensive training and support of the mental health workforce.