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Clinical Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

Intervention Overview

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1
Q

A limitation of John Norcross’ definition of psychotherapy is that . . .
-it does not specify that psychologists must deliver the services.
-it does not focus adequately on feelings.
-it ignores the patient’s role in setting goals.
-it does not address whether the treatment is evidence-based

A

it does not address whether the treatment is evidence-based.

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2
Q

Barlow (2004) suggested that the term psychological treatments be used to refer to evidence based treatments used to treat . . .
- clinically significant problems.
-subclinical problems (e.g., relational problems).
-Axis II disorders.
- Axis I disorders.

A

clinically significant problems.

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3
Q

In discussing treatment the psychologist should explain . . .
-his/her preferred method of treatment.
- evidence-based treatments s/he is competent to provide.
- the major evidence-based treatments for the client’s problem.
- treatments s/he has found helpful in treating people with similar problems.

A

I the major evidence-based treatments for the client’s problem.

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4
Q

To make an informed decision about treatment, clients must be informed of all of the evidence-based treatment options, which may include . . .

  • medication options.
  • psychological interventions the psychologist can provide.
  • psychological interventions the psychologist does not have the training to provide,
    followed by a referral if needed.
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

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5
Q

The “Scared Straight” program has been shown to be . . .
-highly effective in preventing the development of conduct disorder among at risk
youth
- ineffective in treating delinquent youth
-highly effective in treating anxiety disorders

A

ineffective in treating delinquent youth.

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6
Q

Evidence-based practice requires that treatments be based on . . .
- highly controlled, internally valid, replicated studies.
- highly controlled studies in real world environments.
- the best available evidence.
-randomized controlled studies.

A

the best available evidence.

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7
Q

Lilienfeld (2007) described the growing research base of psychological treatments that can cause harm. Two examples of this are:
- cognitive-behavioural therapy and “Scared Straight” programs.
- “Scared Straight” programs and rebirthing therapy.
-rebirthing therapy and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
- short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.

A

“Scared Straight” programs and rebirthing therapy.

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8
Q

Psychodynamic theories assume that individuals are prone to conflicts between the . . .
- ego and transference.
- id and transference.
-id and ego.
- superego and countertransference

A

id and ego.

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9
Q

Psychodynamic theorists propose that a client’s core interpersonal conflicts will be repeated in the relationship with the therapist through a process known as:
-counter-transference.
- transference.
- projection.
-introjection.

A

transference.

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10
Q

The unconscious application of expectations and emotional experiences, based on important early relationships, to subsequent interpersonal relationships is known as:
-process-experience.
- introspection.
- transference.
- counter-transference.

A

transference.

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11
Q

Across different types of short term psychodynamic psychotherapies, therapy involves:

-helping the client to understand phases of psychological development.
- making unconscious processes conscious.
- re-enacting in the relationship with the therapist issues that have troubled the
-all of the above.

A

all of the above.

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12
Q

Short-term psychodynamic treatment usually requires:
-weekly sessions over about a year.
- biweekly sessions for six months.
-weekly or biweekly sessions for 4-7 months.
- daily sessions.

A

weekly or biweekly sessions for 4-7 months.

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13
Q

Which task is the psychologist’s first task in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy?

  • develop a positive transference relationship.
  • analyze the transference relationship.
  • deal with loss.
  • challenge the client to recognize his/her defence mechanisms that may impede
    progress in therapy.
A

is to develop a positive transference relationship.

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14
Q

A short-term psychodynamic psychotherapist would be most likely to use which technique?
- Challenging thoughts.
- Behavioural activation.
- Confrontation about defense mechanisms.
- Assignment of the sick role.

A

confrontation about defense mechanisms.

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15
Q

Within Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, counter-transference is considered . . .
- a breach in therapeutic neutrality caused by the therapist’s unconscious conflicts.
- useful, as it provides useful information about the way the client’s interpersonal
behaviours affect others.
- particularly harmful to the therapeutic alliance.
- more useful in treating some disorders than others.

A

useful, as it provides useful information about the way the client’s interpersonal behaviours affect others.

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16
Q

Sullivan (1953) suggested that psychological problems were often related to . . .
- difficulties in relationships.
- unconscious impulses.
-faulty thinking.
- a lack of behavioural activation.

A

to difficulties in relationships.

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17
Q

Therapeutic activities involved in Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression include:
- dealing with grief.
- examining role disputes.
- assisting in roDloewntrloandesditbioy nMsa.ks
- all of the above

A

all of the above

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18
Q

________ is designed to change relational functioning, whereas __________ is designed to alter intrapsychic variables using information about relationships.

  • Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
  • Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
  • Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
  • Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy
A

Interpersonal Psychotherapy Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

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19
Q

The treatment approach emphasizing awareness of emotions, understanding and expressing emotions, and transforming maladaptive to adaptive emotions is known as:

  • Interpersonal Psychotherapy.
  • Process Experiential Therapy.
    -Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
    -Emotion Regulation.
A

Process Experiential Therapy.

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20
Q

Process Experiential treatment includes:

  • enhancing clients’ emotion-regulation abilities.
  • examining defense mechanisms.
  • helping clients to transform maladaptive emotion into adaptive emotion.
  • both A and C.
A

both enhancing clients’ emotion-regulation abilities and helping clients to transform maladaptive emotion into adaptive emotion.

21
Q

A central characteristic of process-experiential therapies is its emphasis on . . .

  • in-session experiencing of affect.
  • the unconscious.
  • interpersonal relationships.
    -both A and B.
A

in-session experiencing of affect.

22
Q

Behavioural interventions focus on:

  • reducing undesirable behaviours.
  • reducing undesirable behaviours and increasing desirable behaviours.
    -increasing desirable behaviours.
    -classical conditioning responses.
A

reducing undesirable behaviours and increasing desirable behaviours.

23
Q

Whose seminal findings demonstrated that learning can take place by observation and imitation?

  • Albert Bandura
  • Carl Rogers
    -Albert Ellis
  • B.F. Skinner
A

Albert Bandura’s

24
Q

A person’s sense of competence to learn and perform new tasks is referred to as . . .

-self-discovery.
- self-efficacy.
- self-efficiency.
- self-sufficiency

A

self-efficacy.

25
Q

Self-efficacy has been shown to predict . . .

  • the development of defense mechanisms.
  • willingness to approach phobic stimuli.
  • attempting new behaviours.
  • both B and C.
A

both willingness to approach phobic stimuli and attempting new behaviours.

26
Q

Cognitive approaches to therapy are based on the assumption that . . .

  • events directly impact individual functioning.
  • it is the perception of events that impacts individual functioning.
  • catharsis is necessary for restructuring thoughts.
    -negative thoughts arise beginning in early childhood.
A

it is the perception of events that impacts individual functioning.

27
Q

In Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy, client and therapist develop strategies to . . .
- facilitate the development of new relationships.
- re-enact emotional conflicts within sessions.
- examine the client’s defense mechanisms.
- test the client’s dysfunctional beliefs.

A

test the client’s dysfunctional beliefs.

28
Q

Cognitive-behavioural therapists . . .

  • play a very active role in service provision.
    -use Socratic questioning to help clients.
    -play a passive role in service provision.
  • Both A and B.
A

both play a very active role in service provision and use Socratic questioning to help clients.

29
Q

In CBT the most important changes are presumed to take place . . .

  • in the first half of the session.
  • in the second half of the session.
  • in between sessions.
  • after the completion of all the treatment sessions.
A

in between sessions.

30
Q

The termination phase in CBT . . .

  • is a time to use the therapeutic relationship to help clients process their emotions that will create new meaning for their emotional experiences.
  • focuses primarily on coping with the end of the therapeutic relationship.
  • is an opportunity for the client to examine the impact of childhood experiences
    upon his/her current functioning.
  • is future-oriented, with an emphasis on consolidating skills and anticipating future
    challenges.
A

is future-oriented, with an emphasis on consolidating skills and anticipating future challenges.

31
Q

The increased number of people seeking treatments for psychological problems can largely be accounted for by . . .

  • increased use of psychopharmacological treatments.
  • increased use of psychotherapy services.
  • the increase in the variety of psychotherapy options.
  • all of the above
A

increased use of psychopharmacological treatments.

32
Q

Research suggests that in the past few decades the overall use of mental health services has . . .

  • remained constant.
  • increased significantly, both for psychotropic medication and psychotherapy.
  • decreased significantly for psychotherapy.
  • increased significantly for psychotropic medication, and less so for
    psychotherapy.
A

increased significantly for psychotropic medication, and less so for psychotherapy.

33
Q

Psychotherapy clients are most likely to . . .

  • be male.
  • be female.
  • have a lower income.
  • be older adults.
A

be female.

34
Q

A Canadian receiving psychological services is most likely to be . . .

  • living in a rural area.
  • living in a two parent family.
  • male.
  • university educated
A

university educated.

35
Q

Saunders’ (1993) research found that the majority of those who eventually sought therapy reported that it took _____________ to move from recognizing that a significant problem existed to pursuing therapy.

  • only days
  • several months
  • years
  • none of the above
A

several months

36
Q

Psychotherapy is practised by

  • psychologists.
  • nurses.
    -social workers.
  • all of the above.
A

pyschologists, nurses, and social workers.

37
Q

The vast majority of people who receive psychotherapy attend

  • just one session.
  • fewer than 10 sessions.
  • at least 15 sessions.
  • upwards of 20 sessions.
A

fewer than 10 sessions.

38
Q

In Hansen, Lambert, and Forman’s (2002) examination of 6,000 adults who received routine psychotherapy, approximately ____ of clients experiences no change, whereas ____ of clients improved or recovered.

  • 10%; 85%
  • 25%; 60%
  • 50%; 35%
  • 85%; 10%
A

50% , 35%

39
Q

Most current psychological treatments are designed to range from approximately

  • 1 to 3 sessions.
  • 6 to 8 sessions.
  • 10 to 30 sessions.
  • 40 to 80 sessions
A

10 to 30 sessions.

40
Q

Examination of randomized controlled trials of evidence-based treatments, summarized by Hansen et al. (2002), indicates that . . .

  • evidence-based treatments are more effective than treatment as usual.
  • patients attended fewer sessions in evidence-based treatments.
  • less half of patients recovered in evidence-based treatments.
  • treatment as usual was just as effective as evidence-based treatments.
A

evidence-based treatments are more effective than treatment as usual.

41
Q

Evidence-based treatments perform _________ than routine psychotherapy services, and patients receiving the evidence-based treatments in randomized controlled trials are often _______ severely distressed.

  • better ; less
  • better ; more
  • more poorly
A

better .more

42
Q

The vast majority of psychological interventions are delivered in . . .

A

individual sessions.

43
Q

What type of group treatment is designed to capitalize on the dynamics of the group?

  • Structured group approaches.
  • Unstructured group approaches.
  • Process group approaches.
  • Dynamic procedural group approaches.
A

Process group approaches .

44
Q

Which aspect can be both a positive and negative aspect of group therapy?

  • Universality.
  • Modelling of behaviour.
  • Support.
  • Cost-effectiveness.
A

Modelling of behaviour can be both a positive and negative aspect of group therapy.

45
Q

A study by Dishion, McCord and Poulin (1999) found that youth with significant problem behaviours who received a peer-group intervention . . .

  • did better than youth who did not receive the group treatment.
  • fared worse than youth who did not receive the group treatment.
  • performed the same as youth who did not receive the group treatment.
  • were unlikely to complete the group treatment.
A

fared worse than youth who did not receive the group treatment.

46
Q

There is currently ___________ that self-administered treatments _____ effective in treating various mental health issues such as depression.

  • overwhelming evidence; are not
    -evidence; can be
  • no evidence; can be
  • preliminary evidence; are not
A

evidence can be

47
Q

A study by Proudfoot et al. (2004) examined the effectiveness of the computer-based treatment program Beating the Blues and found that . . .

  • it was less effective than treatment as usual.
  • it was equally effective as treatment as usual.
  • it was more effective than treatment as usual.
  • it was less effective as many clients lose motivation to continue
A

it was more effective than treatment as usual.

48
Q

The use of information technology and telecommunications to provide health care services from a distance is known as . . .

  • Telehealth.
  • Computer-mediated Psychotherapy.
  • Healthcom.
  • MedTech
A

as telehealth.

49
Q

Stepped care refers to the process of . . .

  • offering the type of intervention for which the treatment provider is most
    qualified.
  • disregarding cost to provide the strongest evidence-based intervention to meet the
    client’s needs.
  • offering the lowest cost interventions to those who do not have private health
    insurance coverage.
  • only providing more intensive interventions to those for whom first line
    intervention is insufficient.
A

only providing more intensive interventions to those for whom first line intervention is insufficient.

Clinical Psychology (9 decks)

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