Chapter 11

Question 1

A limitation of John Norcross’ definition of psychotherapy is that . . .
-it does not specify that psychologists must deliver the services.
-it does not focus adequately on feelings.
-it ignores the patient’s role in setting goals.
-it does not address whether the treatment is evidence-based

Answer 1

it does not address whether the treatment is evidence-based.

Question 2

Barlow (2004) suggested that the term psychological treatments be used to refer to evidence based treatments used to treat . . .
- clinically significant problems.
-subclinical problems (e.g., relational problems).
-Axis II disorders.
- Axis I disorders.

Answer 2

clinically significant problems.

Question 3

In discussing treatment the psychologist should explain . . .
-his/her preferred method of treatment.
- evidence-based treatments s/he is competent to provide.
- the major evidence-based treatments for the client’s problem.
- treatments s/he has found helpful in treating people with similar problems.

Answer 3

I the major evidence-based treatments for the client’s problem.

Question 4

To make an informed decision about treatment, clients must be informed of all of the evidence-based treatment options, which may include . . .

• medication options.
• psychological interventions the psychologist can provide.
• psychological interventions the psychologist does not have the training to provide,
  followed by a referral if needed.
• all of the above

Answer 4

all of the above

Question 5

The “Scared Straight” program has been shown to be . . .
-highly effective in preventing the development of conduct disorder among at risk
youth
- ineffective in treating delinquent youth
-highly effective in treating anxiety disorders

Answer 5

ineffective in treating delinquent youth.

Question 6

Evidence-based practice requires that treatments be based on . . .
- highly controlled, internally valid, replicated studies.
- highly controlled studies in real world environments.
- the best available evidence.
-randomized controlled studies.

Answer 6

the best available evidence.

Question 7

Lilienfeld (2007) described the growing research base of psychological treatments that can cause harm. Two examples of this are:
- cognitive-behavioural therapy and “Scared Straight” programs.
- “Scared Straight” programs and rebirthing therapy.
-rebirthing therapy and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
- short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Answer 7

“Scared Straight” programs and rebirthing therapy.

Question 8

Psychodynamic theories assume that individuals are prone to conflicts between the . . .
- ego and transference.
- id and transference.
-id and ego.
- superego and countertransference

Answer 8

id and ego.

Question 9

Psychodynamic theorists propose that a client’s core interpersonal conflicts will be repeated in the relationship with the therapist through a process known as:
-counter-transference.
- transference.
- projection.
-introjection.

Answer 9

transference.

Question 10

The unconscious application of expectations and emotional experiences, based on important early relationships, to subsequent interpersonal relationships is known as:
-process-experience.
- introspection.
- transference.
- counter-transference.

Answer 10

transference.

Question 11

Across different types of short term psychodynamic psychotherapies, therapy involves:

-helping the client to understand phases of psychological development.
- making unconscious processes conscious.
- re-enacting in the relationship with the therapist issues that have troubled the
-all of the above.

Answer 11

all of the above.

Question 12

Short-term psychodynamic treatment usually requires:
-weekly sessions over about a year.
- biweekly sessions for six months.
-weekly or biweekly sessions for 4-7 months.
- daily sessions.

Answer 12

weekly or biweekly sessions for 4-7 months.

Question 13

Which task is the psychologist’s first task in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy?

• develop a positive transference relationship.
• analyze the transference relationship.
• deal with loss.
• challenge the client to recognize his/her defence mechanisms that may impede
  progress in therapy.

Answer 13

is to develop a positive transference relationship.

Question 14

A short-term psychodynamic psychotherapist would be most likely to use which technique?
- Challenging thoughts.
- Behavioural activation.
- Confrontation about defense mechanisms.
- Assignment of the sick role.

Answer 14

confrontation about defense mechanisms.

Question 15

Within Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, counter-transference is considered . . .
- a breach in therapeutic neutrality caused by the therapist’s unconscious conflicts.
- useful, as it provides useful information about the way the client’s interpersonal
behaviours affect others.
- particularly harmful to the therapeutic alliance.
- more useful in treating some disorders than others.

Answer 15

useful, as it provides useful information about the way the client’s interpersonal behaviours affect others.

Question 16

Sullivan (1953) suggested that psychological problems were often related to . . .
- difficulties in relationships.
- unconscious impulses.
-faulty thinking.
- a lack of behavioural activation.

Answer 16

to difficulties in relationships.

Question 17

Therapeutic activities involved in Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression include:
- dealing with grief.
- examining role disputes.
- assisting in roDloewntrloandesditbioy nMsa.ks
- all of the above

Answer 17

all of the above

Question 18

________ is designed to change relational functioning, whereas __________ is designed to alter intrapsychic variables using information about relationships.

• Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
• Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
• Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy; Interpersonal Psychotherapy
• Interpersonal Psychotherapy; Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy

Answer 18

Interpersonal Psychotherapy Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

Question 19

The treatment approach emphasizing awareness of emotions, understanding and expressing emotions, and transforming maladaptive to adaptive emotions is known as:

• Interpersonal Psychotherapy.
• Process Experiential Therapy.
  -Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
  -Emotion Regulation.

Answer 19

Process Experiential Therapy.

Question 20

Process Experiential treatment includes:

• enhancing clients’ emotion-regulation abilities.
• examining defense mechanisms.
• helping clients to transform maladaptive emotion into adaptive emotion.
• both A and C.

Answer 20

both enhancing clients’ emotion-regulation abilities and helping clients to transform maladaptive emotion into adaptive emotion.

Question 21

A central characteristic of process-experiential therapies is its emphasis on . . .

• in-session experiencing of affect.
• the unconscious.
• interpersonal relationships.
  -both A and B.

Answer 21

in-session experiencing of affect.

Question 22

Behavioural interventions focus on:

• reducing undesirable behaviours.
• reducing undesirable behaviours and increasing desirable behaviours.
  -increasing desirable behaviours.
  -classical conditioning responses.

Answer 22

reducing undesirable behaviours and increasing desirable behaviours.

Question 23

Whose seminal findings demonstrated that learning can take place by observation and imitation?

• Albert Bandura
• Carl Rogers
  -Albert Ellis
• B.F. Skinner

Answer 23

Albert Bandura’s

Question 24

A person’s sense of competence to learn and perform new tasks is referred to as . . .

-self-discovery.
- self-efficacy.
- self-efficiency.
- self-sufficiency

Answer 24

self-efficacy.

Question 25

Self-efficacy has been shown to predict . . . - the development of defense mechanisms. - willingness to approach phobic stimuli. - attempting new behaviours. - both B and C.

Answer 25

both willingness to approach phobic stimuli and attempting new behaviours.

Question 26

Cognitive approaches to therapy are based on the assumption that . . . - events directly impact individual functioning. - it is the perception of events that impacts individual functioning. - catharsis is necessary for restructuring thoughts. -negative thoughts arise beginning in early childhood.

Answer 26

it is the perception of events that impacts individual functioning.

Question 27

In Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy, client and therapist develop strategies to . . . - facilitate the development of new relationships. - re-enact emotional conflicts within sessions. - examine the client’s defense mechanisms. - test the client’s dysfunctional beliefs.

Answer 27

test the client’s dysfunctional beliefs.

Question 28

Cognitive-behavioural therapists . . . - play a very active role in service provision. -use Socratic questioning to help clients. -play a passive role in service provision. - Both A and B.

Answer 28

both play a very active role in service provision and use Socratic questioning to help clients.

Question 29

In CBT the most important changes are presumed to take place . . . - in the first half of the session. - in the second half of the session. - in between sessions. - after the completion of all the treatment sessions.

Answer 29

in between sessions.

Question 30

The termination phase in CBT . . . - is a time to use the therapeutic relationship to help clients process their emotions that will create new meaning for their emotional experiences. - focuses primarily on coping with the end of the therapeutic relationship. - is an opportunity for the client to examine the impact of childhood experiences upon his/her current functioning. - is future-oriented, with an emphasis on consolidating skills and anticipating future challenges.

Answer 30

is future-oriented, with an emphasis on consolidating skills and anticipating future challenges.

Question 31

The increased number of people seeking treatments for psychological problems can largely be accounted for by . . . - increased use of psychopharmacological treatments. - increased use of psychotherapy services. - the increase in the variety of psychotherapy options. - all of the above

Answer 31

increased use of psychopharmacological treatments.

Question 32

Research suggests that in the past few decades the overall use of mental health services has . . . - remained constant. - increased significantly, both for psychotropic medication and psychotherapy. - decreased significantly for psychotherapy. - increased significantly for psychotropic medication, and less so for psychotherapy.

Answer 32

increased significantly for psychotropic medication, and less so for psychotherapy.

Question 33

Psychotherapy clients are most likely to . . . - be male. - be female. - have a lower income. - be older adults.

Answer 33

be female.

Question 34

A Canadian receiving psychological services is most likely to be . . . - living in a rural area. - living in a two parent family. - male. - university educated

Answer 34

university educated.

Question 35

Saunders’ (1993) research found that the majority of those who eventually sought therapy reported that it took _____________ to move from recognizing that a significant problem existed to pursuing therapy. - only days - several months - years - none of the above

Answer 35

several months

Question 36

Psychotherapy is practised by - psychologists. - nurses. -social workers. - all of the above.

Answer 36

pyschologists, nurses, and social workers.

Question 37

The vast majority of people who receive psychotherapy attend - just one session. - fewer than 10 sessions. - at least 15 sessions. - upwards of 20 sessions.

Answer 37

fewer than 10 sessions.

Question 38

In Hansen, Lambert, and Forman’s (2002) examination of 6,000 adults who received routine psychotherapy, approximately ____ of clients experiences no change, whereas ____ of clients improved or recovered. - 10%; 85% - 25%; 60% - 50%; 35% - 85%; 10%

Answer 38

50% , 35%

Question 39

Most current psychological treatments are designed to range from approximately - 1 to 3 sessions. - 6 to 8 sessions. - 10 to 30 sessions. - 40 to 80 sessions

Answer 39

10 to 30 sessions.

Question 40

Examination of randomized controlled trials of evidence-based treatments, summarized by Hansen et al. (2002), indicates that . . . - evidence-based treatments are more effective than treatment as usual. - patients attended fewer sessions in evidence-based treatments. - less half of patients recovered in evidence-based treatments. - treatment as usual was just as effective as evidence-based treatments.

Answer 40

evidence-based treatments are more effective than treatment as usual.

Question 41

Evidence-based treatments perform _________ than routine psychotherapy services, and patients receiving the evidence-based treatments in randomized controlled trials are often _______ severely distressed. - better ; less - better ; more - more poorly

Answer 41

better .more

Question 42

The vast majority of psychological interventions are delivered in . . .

Answer 42

individual sessions.

Question 43

What type of group treatment is designed to capitalize on the dynamics of the group? - Structured group approaches. - Unstructured group approaches. - Process group approaches. - Dynamic procedural group approaches.

Answer 43

Process group approaches .

Question 44

Which aspect can be both a positive and negative aspect of group therapy? - Universality. - Modelling of behaviour. - Support. - Cost-effectiveness.

Answer 44

Modelling of behaviour can be both a positive and negative aspect of group therapy.

Question 45

A study by Dishion, McCord and Poulin (1999) found that youth with significant problem behaviours who received a peer-group intervention . . . - did better than youth who did not receive the group treatment. - fared worse than youth who did not receive the group treatment. - performed the same as youth who did not receive the group treatment. - were unlikely to complete the group treatment.

Answer 45

fared worse than youth who did not receive the group treatment.

Question 46

There is currently ___________ that self-administered treatments _____ effective in treating various mental health issues such as depression. - overwhelming evidence; are not -evidence; can be - no evidence; can be - preliminary evidence; are not

Answer 46

evidence can be

Question 47

A study by Proudfoot et al. (2004) examined the effectiveness of the computer-based treatment program Beating the Blues and found that . . . - it was less effective than treatment as usual. - it was equally effective as treatment as usual. - it was more effective than treatment as usual. - it was less effective as many clients lose motivation to continue

Answer 47

it was more effective than treatment as usual.

Question 48

The use of information technology and telecommunications to provide health care services from a distance is known as . . . - Telehealth. - Computer-mediated Psychotherapy. - Healthcom. - MedTech

Answer 48

as telehealth.

Question 49

Stepped care refers to the process of . . . - offering the type of intervention for which the treatment provider is most qualified. - disregarding cost to provide the strongest evidence-based intervention to meet the client’s needs. - offering the lowest cost interventions to those who do not have private health insurance coverage. - only providing more intensive interventions to those for whom first line intervention is insufficient.

Answer 49

only providing more intensive interventions to those for whom first line intervention is insufficient.