Chapter 8 Flashcards
consistent behaviour, emotions, and attitudes across contexts and environments
personality traits
tests that can be scored objectively using a standardized scoring system
objective personality tests
Checklists that code behaviours for frequency, intensity or duration
behaviour checklists
tests that require drawing inferences based on the assumption that responses reveal information about personality structure
projective personality tests
What revelation did Walter Mischel make?
the link between behaviour and a trait score had low correlation
What is the best way to predict human behaviour?
combination between personality characteristics and situational characteristics
scales that focus on the various ways that test takers might be changing their answers
validity scales
What are the three tendencies that could distort answers on a test?
Emphasizing positive characteristics, emphasizing negative characteristics, inconsistent responding
A test that was designed to see if a person has neurological impairment or is exaggerating their deficits
reset of memory malingering
What did Malgady suggest we should do to make research more culturally appropriate?
we should always assume that research is culturally biased unless there is evidence to assume not
How can a test be culturally biased or unfair?
- it’s not equally applicable or relevant to the cultural group
- pattern of validity coefficients may not be similar across groups
- the cut off score on a scale does not match the group
- the test’s structure
What are the various ways that psychological assessments can be more culturally sensitive?
only use assessments that are proven useful for the ethnic group of the client, consult published information on the client’s ethnic group and adopt multiple assessment methods,
What is the minimum that a psychologist can do when assessing diverse groups?
keep in mind that the accuracy and validity of assessment is not perfect
Why can’t a French test developed in Canada be used in a European French population?
There are linguistic differences in how words are interpreted, and population diversity is different.
What are the cultural linguistic factors that must be considered?
immigration history, contact with other cultural groups, acculturative status, acculturative stress, socioeconomic status , and language
The extent to which a test and the data actually help with decision making and treatment outcomes
clinical utility
What are the only two forms of tests have have very strong clinical utility?
behavioural assessments that rely on some behavioural checklists, and treatment-monitoring measures.
What type of test is shown to have little clinical utility despite having strong clinical use
projective tests
What information should an assessment test give?
What treatments should be offered and what the possible outcome of the treatment may be
A self-report test by Hathaway and McKinley with the goal of providing information on symptom severity and possible diagnosis for a mental disorder
Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory
The generation and analysis of a pool of items in which items are included on a test if they can discriminated between two groups
empirical criterion-keying approach
how many items are in the MMPI-2?
567
What are some concerns about the MMPI?
the way questions were worded, outdated content, non-representativeness of normative group, and issues with using the empirical criterion-keying method
Who created the MMPI-2
James Butcher
How did James Butcher change the MMPI?
used a more representative sample for the normative data and updated the items selected using content approach
A method of test construction using items that relate to the construct being assessed
content approach
Why is the MMPI and MMPI-2 difficult to use on anyone under 18?
the test is too long, reading comprehension level too high, and normative group was not under 18
What are some modern additions to the MMPI?
adding a validity scale and restructuring clinical scales
What are some issues with the MMPI-2-RF?
less research available, concerns over the less test items, and you have to pay the Uni of Minnesota to use it
exaggerating or overestimating the extend of psychopathology in patients
overpathologize
Does the MMPI have good reliability?
weak internal reliability, but moderate test-retest reliability
Does the MMPI have good validity?
good at determining who is exaggerating differences
Summary codes for the highest two clinical scale elevations on the MMPI
code types
A true or false self-report designed by Millon to assess personality styles and disorders, and major clinical syndrome
MCMI-4
What are the major concerns for the MCMI-4?
lots of item overlap for scales of different constructs, and test takers commonly have high scores on multiple scales
A test that provides information on characteristics that might affect the therapy process
Personality assessment inventory
A test that is based on the five factor model of personality theory
NEO personality inventory 3
A test developed by Achenbach that measures child adjustment with two versions for 1.5 to 5 and 6 to 18.
Child Behaviour Checklist
A self-report developed by Achenbach that assess internalizing and externalizing issues in children 11 to 18.
Youth self-report
What does the achenbach system of empirically based assessment use for it’s scoring system?
scores are based on the DSM and agreement between two raters
A general measure of distress, but might not adequalty measure the constructs
Symptoms Checklist - 90 Revised
A general measure of symptom distress, interpersonal relations and social role functioning
outcome questionnaire 45
A measure of severity of depressive symptoms experienced in the last two weeks
Beck Depression inventory 2
A self-report checklist that is similar to the Beck Depression Inventory 2, but aimed at children
Children’s depression inventory 2
