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PSYC 391 Clinical > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

consistent behaviour, emotions, and attitudes across contexts and environments

A

personality traits

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2
Q

tests that can be scored objectively using a standardized scoring system

A

objective personality tests

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3
Q

Checklists that code behaviours for frequency, intensity or duration

A

behaviour checklists

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4
Q

tests that require drawing inferences based on the assumption that responses reveal information about personality structure

A

projective personality tests

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5
Q

What revelation did Walter Mischel make?

A

the link between behaviour and a trait score had low correlation

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6
Q

What is the best way to predict human behaviour?

A

combination between personality characteristics and situational characteristics

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7
Q

scales that focus on the various ways that test takers might be changing their answers

A

validity scales

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8
Q

What are the three tendencies that could distort answers on a test?

A

Emphasizing positive characteristics, emphasizing negative characteristics, inconsistent responding

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9
Q

A test that was designed to see if a person has neurological impairment or is exaggerating their deficits

A

reset of memory malingering

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10
Q

What did Malgady suggest we should do to make research more culturally appropriate?

A

we should always assume that research is culturally biased unless there is evidence to assume not

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11
Q

How can a test be culturally biased or unfair?

A
  1. it’s not equally applicable or relevant to the cultural group
  2. pattern of validity coefficients may not be similar across groups
  3. the cut off score on a scale does not match the group
  4. the test’s structure
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12
Q

What are the various ways that psychological assessments can be more culturally sensitive?

A

only use assessments that are proven useful for the ethnic group of the client, consult published information on the client’s ethnic group and adopt multiple assessment methods,

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13
Q

What is the minimum that a psychologist can do when assessing diverse groups?

A

keep in mind that the accuracy and validity of assessment is not perfect

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14
Q

Why can’t a French test developed in Canada be used in a European French population?

A

There are linguistic differences in how words are interpreted, and population diversity is different.

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15
Q

What are the cultural linguistic factors that must be considered?

A

immigration history, contact with other cultural groups, acculturative status, acculturative stress, socioeconomic status , and language

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16
Q

The extent to which a test and the data actually help with decision making and treatment outcomes

A

clinical utility

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17
Q

What are the only two forms of tests have have very strong clinical utility?

A

behavioural assessments that rely on some behavioural checklists, and treatment-monitoring measures.

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18
Q

What type of test is shown to have little clinical utility despite having strong clinical use

A

projective tests

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19
Q

What information should an assessment test give?

A

What treatments should be offered and what the possible outcome of the treatment may be

20
Q

A self-report test by Hathaway and McKinley with the goal of providing information on symptom severity and possible diagnosis for a mental disorder

A

Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory

21
Q

The generation and analysis of a pool of items in which items are included on a test if they can discriminated between two groups

A

empirical criterion-keying approach

22
Q

how many items are in the MMPI-2?

A

567

23
Q

What are some concerns about the MMPI?

A

the way questions were worded, outdated content, non-representativeness of normative group, and issues with using the empirical criterion-keying method

24
Q

Who created the MMPI-2

A

James Butcher

25
Q

How did James Butcher change the MMPI?

A

used a more representative sample for the normative data and updated the items selected using content approach

26
Q

A method of test construction using items that relate to the construct being assessed

A

content approach

27
Q

Why is the MMPI and MMPI-2 difficult to use on anyone under 18?

A

the test is too long, reading comprehension level too high, and normative group was not under 18

28
Q

What are some modern additions to the MMPI?

A

adding a validity scale and restructuring clinical scales

29
Q

What are some issues with the MMPI-2-RF?

A

less research available, concerns over the less test items, and you have to pay the Uni of Minnesota to use it

30
Q

exaggerating or overestimating the extend of psychopathology in patients

A

overpathologize

31
Q

Does the MMPI have good reliability?

A

weak internal reliability, but moderate test-retest reliability

32
Q

Does the MMPI have good validity?

A

good at determining who is exaggerating differences

33
Q

Summary codes for the highest two clinical scale elevations on the MMPI

A

code types

34
Q

A true or false self-report designed by Millon to assess personality styles and disorders, and major clinical syndrome

A

MCMI-4

35
Q

What are the major concerns for the MCMI-4?

A

lots of item overlap for scales of different constructs, and test takers commonly have high scores on multiple scales

36
Q

A test that provides information on characteristics that might affect the therapy process

A

Personality assessment inventory

37
Q

A test that is based on the five factor model of personality theory

A

NEO personality inventory 3

38
Q

A test developed by Achenbach that measures child adjustment with two versions for 1.5 to 5 and 6 to 18.

A

Child Behaviour Checklist

39
Q

A self-report developed by Achenbach that assess internalizing and externalizing issues in children 11 to 18.

A

Youth self-report

40
Q

What does the achenbach system of empirically based assessment use for it’s scoring system?

A

scores are based on the DSM and agreement between two raters

41
Q

A general measure of distress, but might not adequalty measure the constructs

A

Symptoms Checklist - 90 Revised

42
Q

A general measure of symptom distress, interpersonal relations and social role functioning

A

outcome questionnaire 45

43
Q

A measure of severity of depressive symptoms experienced in the last two weeks

A

Beck Depression inventory 2

44
Q

A self-report checklist that is similar to the Beck Depression Inventory 2, but aimed at children

A

Children’s depression inventory 2

45
Q
A

PSYC 391 Clinical (7 decks)

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