Chapter 5

Question 1

The process of the collection of data to be applied to a classification system

Answer 1

assessment

Question 2

Information collected from testing techniques

Answer 2

assessment data

Question 3

Systematically collected data based in a person’s history, physical condition, social and cultural environment, and context that is used in a decision making process

Answer 3

clinical assessment

Question 4

What is the minimum tools and data needed in a clinical assessment?

Answer 4

client interviews and psychologist observation

Question 5

What are the two types of knowledge needed in according to the APA when performing an assessment?

Answer 5

Conceptual and applied

Question 6

An approach to assessment that is guided by theory and research

Answer 6

Evidence-based assessment

Question 7

What is the 3 components of evidence-based assessment?

Answer 7

all parts: variables assessed, methods and measures used, and the manner in which it unfolds is informed using research

Question 8

What are the steps in determining diagnoses and treatment for a client?

Answer 8

1. developing a data set that includes diagnosis and clinical problems that are commonly seen
2. searching the literature for the factors associated with diagnosis options and possible treatment outcomes
3. compilation of psychological instruments designed to help with the diagnostic formulation and risk factors

Question 9

When assessment is limited to basic questions on functioning or suitability for services. General information on a person’s psychological functioning. This is a stand-alone assessment

Answer 9

assessment-focused services

Question 10

When an assessment is conducted to see if a client is suited for intervention services and is typically used as a first step in intervention

Answer 10

Intervention-focused assessment services

Question 11

a procedure to identify individuals who may have clinical level problems with the goal of identifying those who need services

Answer 11

screening

Question 12

Who is screening for depression useful for? who is it not useful for?

Answer 12

Good: adults (pregnant people)
Bad: children and adolescents

Question 13

What the Canadian task force contradict the US task force on screening for depression?

Answer 13

Argued that regular screening was not useful

Question 14

A description of the patient’s life situation, current problems and a set of hypotheses for explanation of clinical condition

Answer 14

case formulation

Question 15

The predictions about the future of a patient’s psychological functioning based in assessment data and literature

Answer 15

prognosis

Question 16

What are the primary influences on a prognosis prediction?

Answer 16

time and cost of treatment, consequence of errors, and base rate in population

Question 17

When the psychologist predicts that an event will occur, but it does not

Answer 17

false positive

Question 18

When event that was not predicted occurs

Answer 18

false negative

Question 19

The number of times an event is predicted across cases and the number of times it actually occurs

Answer 19

sensitivity

Question 20

the number of times a non-event is predicted across cases compared with the total number of times no event occurred

Answer 20

specificity

Question 21

What are the steps in developing a treatment plan?

Answer 21

1. determine which treatments will be the most effective
2. Identify target problems
3. set treatment goals
4. set strategies to target goals

Question 22

Why is treatment monitoring important?

Answer 22

allows for changes in plan if necessary, keeping clinent on task, and monitoring progression

Question 23

a researcher who demonstrated that treatment monitoring can change treatment outcome

Answer 23

Micheal Lambert

Question 24

indicators for how well the treatment is progressing

Answer 24

outcome data

Question 25

What can outcome data be used for?

Answer 25

indicator for how well a system or care centre is functioning, if any changes occur from the intervention, evidence for usefulness in other clients, and comparison with other clients on progress

Question 26

an evaluative device or procedure that can take a snap shot of behaviour in a specific domain and be evaluated in a standardized process

Answer 26

test

Question 27

What is required of all tests?

Answer 27

generate statements about behaviour and psychological functioning, and is accurate and valid. the test should not rely on clinical judgement only

Question 28

Why is it important that a psychological test be defined?

Answer 28

frequently used in legal and quasi-legal procedures like disability pension or removing a child from a home

Question 29

What is the difference between assessment and testing

Answer 29

assessment is the integration of life story with clinical information, while testing is finding a score in a domain

Question 30

Who is most trained in testing and most likely to use them?

Answer 30

clinical psychologists at a doctoral level

Question 31

Why is children difficult to assess?

Answer 31

In the process of rapid change and development, rarely refer themselves, can't always be the primary informant and they are very integrated with their contexts.

Question 32

Author of some of the most commonly used resources for assessment

Answer 32

Gary Groth-Marnat

Question 33

consistency across clinicians and testing occasions in the procedure used to administer and score a test

Answer 33

standardization

Question 34

all aspects of the test related to each other and the concept it's trying to measure

Answer 34

internal consistency

Question 35

if the same person took the test twice it will produce the same results

Answer 35

test-retest reliability

Question 36

if the same results would be obtained if two people saw the same thing

Answer 36

inter-rater reliability

Question 37

other factors that effect reliability

Answer 37

standardization of stimuli, administration, and scoring

Question 38

the extent to which the test samples the type of behaviour that is relevant to the underlying psychological construct

Answer 38

evidence of content validity

Question 38

scores on the test are correlated with scores on tests that measure similar constructs

Answer 38

evidence of concurrent validity

Question 39

If the test predicts a relevant outcome

Answer 39

evidence of predictive validity

Question 40

the extent to which the test provides a pure measure of the construct that is minimally contaminated by other psychological constructs

Answer 40

evidence of discriminant validity

Question 41

the extent to which a measure adds to the prediction of a criterion above what can be predicted by other sources of data

Answer 41

evidence of incremental validity

Question 42

Why do psychological tests reference norms?

Answer 42

use standardized norms to reference scores of a test to the general population

Question 43

Why can test norms be inaccurate?

Answer 43

norm data is commonly gathered from research participants like undergraduate students, hospital inpatients and outpatients in a psychologic clinic might not represent the tested group

Question 44

What is one of the general issues that Groth-Marnat cites with psychological tests?

Answer 44

many fail to take into account the psychometric properties of tests or strength of research on tests