Chapter 3

Question 1

The extent that a principal effectively captures the concept

Answer 1

classification validity

Question 2

the extent that a classification scheme is useful

Answer 2

classification utility

Question 2

classifying based on if it belongs to a category or not

Answer 2

categorical approach

Question 3

classifying based on what properties or characteristics they posses and if they match the construct

Answer 3

dimensional approach

Question 4

Who used a dimensional approach to classify children’s difficulties that tend to co-occur

Answer 4

Thomas Achenbach

Question 5

Problems that are reflected in behaviour towards other things or people

Answer 5

externalizing problems

Question 6

problems that reflected in emotional behaviour towards the self

Answer 6

internalizing problems

Question 7

Classification system based on rules that each cluster to provide an outline of a specific disorder

Answer 7

diagnostic system

Question 8

a description of a specific disorder and outline of the best ways to treat it

Answer 8

diagnosis

Question 9

What are some negatives of a diagnsis system?

Answer 9

stigmatization, misdiagnosis, requiring one to access help

Question 10

Who laid the foundation for modern diagnostic systems?

Answer 10

Emil Kraepelin

Question 11

Which classification system views each diagnosis as a medical illness, using a criteria approach and placing importance on reliability

Answer 11

neo-Kraepelinian

Question 12

members of a diagnostic category may differ, but they all share similar underlying characteristics to the best example of that category.

Answer 12

prototype model

Question 13

Why is it difficult to define abnormality?

Answer 13

Norms change depending on culture, age, time period, and situation.

Question 14

a framework for understanding behaviour in relation to development milestones and development stages

Answer 14

developmental psychopathology

Question 15

How is a mental disorder diagnosis different then a medical one?

Answer 15

There are no physical lab testing options and data is usually mostly self-reported.

Question 16

What is one of the main issues with DSM diagnosis?

Answer 16

lack of validity data

Question 17

A frame work that integrates multiple sources of date on mental disorders

Answer 17

Research Domain Criteria

Question 18

Why was depression not recognized in adolescence until 1980s?

Answer 18

Depression was thought to be a problem of the superego which does not fully develop until later and children express emotions in different ways then adults.

Question 19

Behaviours are dysfunctional which leads to significant distress and harm to the individual and others.

Answer 19

harmful dysfunction

Question 20

the impairment must be involuntary or not easily controlled

Answer 20

dyscontrol

Question 21

What is the issue with the current operalization of dysfunction?

Answer 21

It is centered in western values and ideas of normal

Question 22

how many people worldwide meet the criteria for a diagnosis?

Answer 22

1 in 5

Question 23

true or false: mental disorders are more disabiling then physical ones

Answer 23

true

Question 24

What theory is used to find the ethology of mental disorders?

Answer 24

biopsychosocial model

Question 25

What puts people at risk of developing a mental health disorder?

Answer 25

life stress, traumatic experiences, natural disasters, developmental stage (puberty and young adulthood), gender (being female)

Question 26

The phase of the DSM that provided vague diagnostic descriptions and only recommended psychoanalysis

Answer 26

DSM original

Question 27

The phase of the DSM that recommended more biological and neurological explanations and less psychoanalytic explantations

Answer 27

DSM 2

Question 28

What phase of the DSM moved away from a theory guide and more into behavioural descriptions, explicit lists of symptoms, and more attention to reliability of diagnosis

Answer 28

DSM -III

Question 29

Which DSM was the most collaborative with efforts from clinicians and researchers

Answer 29

DSM IV

Question 30

Which DSM significantly added more diagnosis’s and more medical/biological views

Answer 30

DSM-V

Question 31

What were the concerns with the development of the DSM-V?

Answer 31

lack of transparency in process, too many diagnosis’s, and focusing too much on the biological side

Question 32

What approach does the DSM use?

Answer 32

categorical approach

Question 33

What other information does the DSM-V provide outside of diagnosis information?

Answer 33

cultural, age and gender considerations, possible subtypes, patterns, prevalence, course, differential diagnosis, and evaluation considerations.

Question 34

Why is cultural considerations important in the DSM?

Answer 34

Diversity within a population, different values that affect behaviour, cultural specific disorders, assisting clinicians that are not from that culture.

Question 35

Who developed the International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD)?

Answer 35

WHO

Question 36

What does the ICD do differently compared to the DSM?

Answer 36

Provides population data, updated more frequently, used in health care and mental health care, goes beyond just statistical information, some diagnosis’s are different, greater focus on clinical utility.

Question 37

True or false: the ICD and DSM are in competition.

Answer 37

False: they are meant to be used together

Question 38

What is unique about the ICD-11?

Answer 38

There will be two versions, one for clinical use and one for research use

Question 39

Limitations of Diagnostic Systems

Answer 39

defining abnormality, reliability, heterogeneity of symptom profiles, validity, and comorbidity

Question 40

What is the main advantage of a dimensional classification system?

Answer 40

Acknowledgment of comorbidity, differences in presentation within diagnosis, and patterns across disorders