chapter 8 Flashcards
Any detectable change in the internal or external environment is called a
_______.
a. reception
b. transduction
c. stimulus
d. transmission
c. stimulus
Eyes, ears, nose, and taste buds are all examples of _______.
a. sense organs
b. proprioceptors
c. stimuli
d. sensory adaptors
a. sense organs
_______ is the process of converting the energy of a stimulus into
electrical energy.
a. Polarization
b. Integration
c. Transduction
d. Sensory adaptation
c. Transduction
_______ transduce mechanical energy such as touch, pressure, gravity,
stretching, and movement.
a. Chemoreceptors
b. Mechanoreceptors
c. Thermoreceptors
d. Photoreceptors
b. Mechanoreceptors
_______ respond to heat and cold.
a. Chemoreceptors
b. Mechanoreceptors
c. Photoreceptors
d. Thermoreceptors
d. Thermoreceptors
In sensory adaptation, the frequency of action potentials _______.
a. decreases in a sensory neuron even though the stimulus is maintained
b. increases in a sensory neuron even though
the stimulus is maintained
c. remains constant in a sensory neuron even
though the stimulus is maintained
d. decreases in a sensory neuron even though the stimulus is increased
a. decreases in a sensory neuron even though the stimulus is maintained
_______ helps us judge distances and depth.
a. A receptor potential
b. Binocular vision
c. Sensory adaptation
d. Transduction
b. Binocular vision
The six extrinsic muscles of the eye _______.
a. are located inside the anterior cavity and
function in support and movement
b. are located outside the eye and function in
positioning the eyeballs
c. synapse with the nerve endings of the
retina
d. focus the lens of the eye
b. are located outside the eye and function in
positioning the eyeballs
The transparent layer that covers the iris and the pupil at the front of the
eye is the _______.
a. cornea
b. conjunctiva
c. sclera
d. retina
a. cornea
The _______ is made up of black pigment cells that absorb light rays so
that they are not reflected back out of the eye.
a. retina
b. sclera
c. choroid
d. iris
c. choroid
The black spot, or opening in the circular muscle of the iris, is the
_______.
a. iris
b. retina
c. lens
d. pupil
d. pupil
The retina contains _______.
a. a jelly-like substance
b. muscles to adjust focus
c. the rods and cones
d. the lens of the eye
c. the rods and cones
For vision to occur, light must pass through the eye and _______.
a. stimulate the iris
b. form an image on the retina
c. refract the lens
d. stimulate opsin and retinal to form
rhodopsin
b. form an image on the retina
The part of the ear that projects from the side of the head and surrounds
the ear canal is the_______.
a. external auditory canal
b. tympanic membrane
c. eustachian tube
d. pinna
d. pinna
The ______ is the tube that connects the middle ear and the throat.
a. cochlea
b. stapes
c. eustachian
d. external auditory canal
c. eustachian
The _______ contains mechanoreceptors that convert sound waves to
nerve impulses.
a. inner ear
b. tympanic membrane
c. middle ear
d. oval window
a. inner ear
The sound receptors are located within the _______.
a. cochlea
b. vestibule
c. ossicles
d. tympanic membrane
a. cochlea
The olfactory nerve _______.
a. transmits information regarding taste
b. transmits information regarding smell
c. helps us maintain the position of the body
d. transmits sound to the ossicles
b. transmits information regarding smell
Chemical substances called _______ stimulate chemoreceptors in the
nasal cavity.
a. otoliths
b. papillae
c. odorants
d. cristae
c. odorants
The sensation of _______ is a protective mechanism that makes us aware
of tissue injury.
a. touch
b. taste
c. smell
d. pain
d. pain
A sensory receptor absorbs energy from a _______.
a. gland
b. muscle
c. sensory organ
d. stimulus
d. stimulus
A receptor in the retina converts light into electrical energy, a process that
_______.
a. produces a receptor potential
b. is a graded response that generates an
action potential
c. is called transduction
d. is reception
c. is called transduction
Compared to a mild pain, an intense pain would involve _______.
a. fewer action potentials
b. a greater frequency of action potentials
c. more rapid sensory adaptation
d. an all-or-none response
b. a greater frequency of action potentials
Pain receptors, known as _______, respond to stimuli that could damage
the body.
a. chemoreceptors
b. nociceptors
c. photoreceptors
d. mechanoreceptors
b. nociceptors
Tears flow from the _______.
a. cornea
b. lacrimal glands
c. iris
d. conjunctiva
b. lacrimal glands
The “white of the eye” is the _______.
a. cornea
b. conjunctiva
c. sclera
d. choroid
c. sclera
The sclera is covered by the _______, a moist mucous membrane that
extends as a continuous lining of the inner layer of the eyelid.
a. conjunctiva
b. cornea
c. choroid
d. retina
a. conjunctiva
The colored, circular disk of the eye that controls the amount of light
entering the eye is the _______.
a. cornea
b. pupil
c. lens
d. iris
d. iris
The _______ is a transparent, elastic ball that lies at the rear of the anterior
cavity of the eyeball.
a. lens
b. iris
c. sclera
d. cornea
a. lens
The function of the cones is _______.
a. accommodation for near or far vision
b. stimulation of the rods
c. vision in dim light
d. daytime and color vision
d. daytime and color vision
The axons of the ganglion cells extend across the surface of the retina and
unite to form the _______ nerve.
a. olfactory
b. optic
c. vagus
d. retinal
b. optic
The ear canal, or _______, leads to the middle ear.
a. malleus
b. cochlea
c. external auditory meatus
d. eustachian tube
c. external auditory meatus
The _______, or eardrum, separates the middle and external ear.
a. cochlea
b. vestibule
c. tympanic membrane
d. ossicle
c. tympanic membrane
The three auditory ossicles—the malleus, incus, and stapes—_______.
a. amplify vibrations caused by sound waves
b. are the sound receptors
c. stimulate the vestibular nerves
d. contain hair cells
a. amplify vibrations caused by sound waves
The receptors for hearing are the _______.
a. vestibular nerves
b. perilymph and endolymph
c. ossicles
d. organs of Corti in the cochlea
d. organs of Corti in the cochlea
The semicircular canals and the saccule _______.
a. contain otoliths
b. sense linear acceleration
c. contain gravity detectors
d. provide information about turning
movements
c. contain gravity detectors
Odors are detected by the _______.
a. papillae on the tongue
b. olfactory nerve
c. pores in the nasal concha
d. olfactory epithelium
d. olfactory epithelium
_______ are free nerve endings that allow us to recognize cold, cool,
warm, and hot.
a. Tactile receptors
b. Thermoreceptors
c. Nociceptors
d. Proprioceptors
b. Thermoreceptors
A person who feels heart pain in her left arm is experiencing _______.
a. phantom pain
b. a lack of substance P
c. referred pain
d. graded stimulation
c. referred pain
Mechanoreceptors that help us know the position of one body part in
relation to another are _______.
a. proprioceptors
b. thermal receptors
c. tactile receptors
d. nociceptors
a. proprioceptors
