Chapter 1 Flashcards
_______ is the science that studies body function, that is, how the body
works.
a. Anatomy
b. Physiology
c. Homeostasis
d. Metabolism
b. Physiology
_______ is a way of thinking and a method of investigating the world in a systematic manner.
a. Observation
b. Experimentation
c. Science
d. Research
c. Science
All matter is composed of _______.
a. chemical elements
b. chemical compounds
c. cells
d. tissues
a. chemical elements
Atoms and molecules associate in specific ways to form _______, the next
highest level of organization.
a. organ systems
b. tissue
c. organs
d. cells
d. cells
A(n) _______ is a group of closely associated cells that work together to
perform specific functions.
a. cell
b. organ
c. molecule
d. tissue
d. tissue
_______ are electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms.
a. Compounds
b. Ions
c. Lipids
d. Enzymes
b. Ions
_______ are sugars and starches that are used by the body as fuel
molecules (that store energy).
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. Enzymes
a. Carbohydrates
Proteins are large, complex molecules composed of subunits called
_______.
a. nucleic acids
b. ribonucleic acids
c. amino acids
d. deoxyribonucleic acids
c. amino acids
_______ is a nucleic acid that contains genetic information that is coded in
specific sequences of its component nucleotides.
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. ATP
d. Amino acid
b. DNA
All the chemical processes that take place within the body are referred to
as its _______.
a. catabolism
b. metabolism
c. anabolism
d. energy
b. metabolism
_______ is the building, or synthetic, phase of metabolism.
a. ATP
b. Homeostasis
c. Anabolism
d. Catabolism
c. Anabolism
The body regulates metabolic activities to maintain _______, the
appropriate internal environment, or steady state.
a. homeostasis
b. environment
c. temperature
d. ATP
a. homeostasis
_______ activates homeostatic mechanisms that return the body to its
steady state.
a. Anabolism
b. Cellular respiration
c. Stress
d. ATP
c. Stress
Two structures that characterize humans as vertebrates are the _______, or
brain case, and the backbone, or _______ column.
a. cephalic; caudal
b. cranium; caudal
c. cranium; vertebral
d. cephalic; vertebral
c. cranium; vertebral
In a positive feedback system, _______.
a. a change in a condition that varies from
the steady state sets off events that
intensify the change
b. a stressor inhibits a response
c. a change in a condition that varies from
the steady state triggers an opposite
response
d. homeostasis is maintained by a variable
stressor
a. a change in a condition that varies from
the steady state sets off events that
intensify the change
The term caudal is sometimes used instead of the word _______.
a. inferior
b. superior
c. superficial
d. anatomical
a. inferior
When a structure is closer to the body midline or point of attachment to
the trunk, it is described as _______.
a. distal
b. medial
c. proximal
d. anterior
c. proximal
The _______ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
a. sagittal
b. frontal
c. transverse
d. axial
c. transverse
The term costal refers to the _______.
a. neck
b. wrist
c. groin
d. ribs
d. ribs
The heart is surrounded by the _______ cavity.
a. pericardial
b. pleural
c. abdominal
d. pelvic
a. pericardial
_______ is the science of body structure.
a. Physiology
b. Anatomy
c. Atoms
d. Biology
b. Anatomy
An _______ is the smallest amount of a chemical element that has the characteristic properties of that element.
a. ion
b. atom
c. organelle
d. electron
b. atom
A(n) _______ is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms.
a. chemical compound
b. protein
c. ion
d. element
c. ion
Each cell consists of specialized cell structures called _______.
a. organelles
b. molecules
c. atoms
d. electrons
a. organelles
Tissues are organized into _______, such as the brain, stomach, or heart.
a. organisms
b. body systems
c. organs
d. organelles
c. organs
______ compounds are large, complex compounds containing carbon.
a. Organic
b. Inorganic
c. Complex
d. Organ
a. Organic
_______ are complex organic compounds composed of chemically linked
amino acid subunits.
a. Nucleic acids
b. Inorganic compounds
c. Sugars
d. Proteins
d. Proteins
_______ is a nucleic acid that functions mainly in the expression of the
cell’s genetic information for the manufacturing of proteins.
a. DNA
b. ATP
c. Glucose
d. RNA
d. RNA
The breaking-down phase of metabolism that provides the energy needed
to carry on activities necessary for life is _______.
a. catabolism
b. anabolism
c. cannibalism
d. energy
a. catabolism
As the energy stored in nutrients is released, it is packaged within special
energy-storage molecules called _______.
a. DNA
b. ATP
c. ADP
d. RNA
b. ATP
_______ are self-regulating control systems that maintain an appropriate
internal body environment.
a. Stressors
b. Homeostatic mechanisms
c. Organ systems
d. Organelles
b. Homeostatic mechanisms
The body consists of right and left halves that are mirror images; it has
_______.
a. positive feedback
b. bilateral symmetry
c. body axis
d. vertical column
b. bilateral symmetry
When the body is standing erect, eyes looking forward, arms at the sides,
and the palms and toes directed forward, it is said to be in the _______ position.
a. physiological
b. front
c. anatomical
d. standing
c. anatomical
The terms _______ and cranial are sometimes used instead of the word
superior.
a. cephalic
b. caudal
c. ventral
d. dorsal
a. cephalic
Structures located toward the surface of the body, such as blood vessels in
the skin, are considered _______.
a. sagittal
b. inferior
c. deep
d. superficial
d. superficial
The _______ plane divides the body into right and left halves.
a. midsagittal
b. transverse
c. sagittal
d. frontal
c. sagittal
The term _______ refers to the thigh, or part of the lower extremity
between the hip and the knee.
a. frontal
b. popliteal
c. femoral
d. tarsal
c. femoral
The region of the lower back and side between the lowest rib and the
pelvis is the _______ region.
a. lumbar
b. cervical
c. thoracic
d. plantar
a. lumbar
The area between the anus and the pubic arch includes the _______
region.
a. perineal
b. pectoral
c. plantar
d. tarsal
a. perineal
The ventral cavity is subdivided into the _______.
a. cranial cavity and vertebral canal
b. abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
c. thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
d. vertebral cavity and pleural cavity
c. thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
