Chapter 5 Flashcards by Stephanie Benitez

_______ muscle is the voluntary muscle attached to bones.
a. Smooth
b. Skeletal
c. Cardiac
d. Active

b. Skeletal

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About _______ skeletal muscles, working together, allow us to carry on
our daily activities and move effectively through our world.
a. 600
b. 300
c. 100
d. 900

a. 600

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Each skeletal muscle is an organ made up of hundreds, sometimes
thousands, of muscle cells, referred to as _______.
a. fascicles
b. sarcomeres
c. muscle fibers
d. muscle filaments

c. muscle fibers

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Each muscle is surrounded by a covering of connective tissue called
_______.
a. fibers
b. epimysium
c. fascicles
d. perimysium

b. epimysium

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Extensions of epimysium form tough cords of connective tissue, the
_______, that anchor muscle to bones.
a. ligaments
b. fibers
c. bone fragments
d. tendons

d. tendons

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Thin filaments, called _______ filaments, consist of the protein actin.
a. myosin
b. fascicle
c. actin
d. tendon

c. actin

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A _______ is a nerve that controls muscle contractions.
a. motor nerve
b. sensory nerve
c. nucleus
d. contractile

a. motor nerve

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_______ are represented by the letters A, H, and I.
a. Sarcomeres
b. Muscle bands
c. Myofibrils
d. Motor nerves

b. Muscle bands

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Excess acetylcholine is broken down by an enzyme called _______.
a. ATP
b. actin
c. myosin
d. acetylcholinesterase

d. acetylcholinesterase

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The depletion of ATP results in weaker contractions and _______.
a. oxygen debt
b. decreased muscle tone
c. bone weakness
d. muscle fatigue

d. muscle fatigue

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Oxygen debt is paid back during the period of _______.
a. REM sleep
b. slow breathing
c. aerobic exercise
d. rapid breathing

d. rapid breathing

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_______ contraction occurs when muscles shorten and thicken.
a. Isometric
b. Motor
c. Unconscious
d. Isotonic

d. Isotonic

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The attachment of the muscle to the less movable bone is called its
_______.
a. origin
b. insertion
c. antagonist
d. synergist

a. origin

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The muscle that contracts to produce a particular action is known as the
_______.
a. insertion
b. origin
c. agonist
d. antagonist

c. agonist

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The _______ muscle elevates the upper corners of the mouth.
a. orbicularis oculi
b. frontalis
c. zygomatic
d. masseter

c. zygomatic

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The _______ muscle flexes the trunk and compresses the abdominal
contents.
a. rectus abdominis
b. transverse abdominis
c. external oblique
d. diaphragm

a. rectus abdominis

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The immediate source of energy for muscle contraction is _______.
a. lactic acid
b. ATP
c. glycogen
d. oxygen

b. ATP

A muscle that extends the elbow is the _______.
a. biceps brachii
b. triceps brachii
c. biceps femoris
d. brachioradialis

b. triceps brachii

The masseter muscle _______.
a. rotates the arm medially
b. abducts the thigh
c. flexes the knee
d. is important in chewing

d. is important in chewing

The gastrocnemius muscle _______.
a. rotates the thigh laterally
b. abducts the arm
c. flexes the trunk
d. flexes the knee

d. flexes the knee

The muscle fibers are arranged in bundles known as _______.
a. tendons
b. endomysium
c. perimysium
d. fascicles

d. fascicles

In muscle fibers, the _______ has/have many inward extensions that form
a set of transverse tubules.
a. plasma membrane
b. myofibrils
c. perimysium
d. fascicles

a. plasma membrane

Each muscle fiber is almost filled with thread-like structures called
_______.
a. fascicles
b. perimysium
c. myofibrils
d. actin

c. myofibrils

Myofibrils are composed of smaller structures called _______ that are
made of protein threads.
a. filaments
b. perimysium
c. sarcomeres
d. fibers

a. filaments

The overlapping of myosin and actin filaments _______. a. produces a pattern of bands or striations b. stimulates the release of calcium c. releases creatine phosphate d. releases acetylcholine

a. produces a pattern of bands or striations

_______ are the basic units of muscle contraction. a. Myofibrils b. Sarcomeres c. Z lines d. Muscle fibers

b. Sarcomeres

A(n) _______ releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. a. synaptic cleft b. neuromuscular junction c. motor neuron d. action potential

c. motor neuron

The immediate source of energy for muscle contractions comes from _______. a. lactic acid b. oxygen c. glucose d. ATP

d. ATP

A waste product called _______ is produced during the anaerobic metabolism of glucose. a. actin b. lactic acid c. creatine d. acetylcholine

b. lactic acid

Rapid breathing pays back the _______ debt by breaking down lactic acid. a. creatine b. glycogen c. oxygen d. glucose

c. oxygen

Even when we are not moving, our muscles are in a state of partial contraction that gives us _______. a. isotonic contraction b. isometric contraction c. muscle tone d. muscle fatigue

c. muscle tone

_______ contraction occurs when the muscle length does not appreciably change but muscle tension increases. a. Isotonic b. Motor c. Isometric d. Hypertonic

c. Isometric

The attachment of the muscle to the more movable bone is its _______ a. insertion b. origin c. antagonist d. synergist

a. insertion

The biceps (brachii) and triceps work _______ to one another. a. agonistically b. antagonistically c. synergistically d. isotonically

b. antagonistically

Synergists are muscles that _______. a. relax when the agonist is contracted b. are responsible for muscle tone c. stabilize joints d. contract isometrically

c. stabilize joints

The _______ muscle adducts the scapula and rotates it and draws the shoulders upward. a. sternocleidomastoid b. external oblique c. pectoralis minor d. trapezius

d. trapezius

The _______ muscle extends and rotates the thigh laterally and tilts the pelvis. a. iliacus b. triceps c. gluteus maximus d. gracilis

c. gluteus maximus

The external intercostals are important in _______. a. chewing b. breathing c. isometric exercise d. turning the head

b. breathing

The biceps brachii _______. a. flexes the elbow b. rotates the arm medially c. flexes the trunk d. flexes the knee

a. flexes the elbow

The gluteus maximus _______. a. extends the leg at the knee b. plantar flexes the foot c. flexes the trunk d. extends and rotates the thigh laterally

d. extends and rotates the thigh laterally