Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The _______ is one of the largest cells in the human body.
a. sperm
b. ovum
c. epithelial
d. nerve

A

b. ovum

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2
Q

The jelly-like material of the cell is called _______.
a. cytoplasm
b. flagella
c. organelles
d. nucleus

A

a. cytoplasm

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3
Q

The _______ surrounds and protects the cell, regulating passage of
materials into and out of the cell.
a. plasma membrane
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. nuclear envelope
d. cytoplasm

A

a. plasma membrane

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4
Q

Each _______ contains hundreds or thousands of units of hereditary
information that govern the structure and activity of the cell.
a. nucleolus
b. gene
c. DNA
d. chromosome

A

d. chromosome

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5
Q

_______ are tiny power plants contained within the cell that carry on
cellular respiration.
a. Ribosomes
b. Golgi
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosomes

A

c. Mitochondria

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6
Q

A small membrane-enclosed structure that holds or transports some type of
cargo within the cell is called a _______.
a. lysosome
b. flagellum
c. vesicle
d. cellular respiration

A

c. vesicle

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7
Q

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable
membrane from a region where water molecules are more concentrated to a region where
they are less concentrated is called _______.
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. active transport

A

a. osmosis

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8
Q

When blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, _______.
a. the net movement of water molecules is
zero
b. the blood cells die immediately
c. there is a net movement of water
molecules out of the cells
d. the blood cells swell and may burst

A

c. there is a net movement of water
molecules out of the cells

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9
Q

In _______, the cell moves materials from a region of lower concentration
to a region of higher concentration.
a. active transport
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. osmosis

A

a. active transport

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10
Q

A white blood cell ingests bacteria. This is an example of _______.
a. diffusion
b. passive transport
c. phagocytosis
d. cell pumping action

A

a. diffusion

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11
Q

_______ are chemical messengers used between cells for communication.
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Receptors
d. Hormones

A

d. Hormones

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12
Q

Target cells _______.
a. typically have receptors that bind signal
molecules to their surfaces
b. usually replicate and die when contracted
by a signal molecule
c. are the first cells in a cell signaling
pathway
d. kill invading microorganisms

A

a. typically have receptors that bind signal
molecules to their surfaces

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13
Q

In a process called _______, receptors convert signals outside the cell into
a signal inside the cell that affects cellular activity.
a. diffusion
b. apoptosis
c. signal transduction
d. active transport

A

c. signal transduction

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14
Q

The cell spends most of its life in _______, the period between mitoses.
a. prophase
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. telophase

A

b. interphase

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15
Q

During _______, the chromatids separate and become independent
chromosomes.
a. interphase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase

A

c. anaphase

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16
Q

_______ epithelial cells are thin, flattened cells shaped like pancakes or
flagstones.
a. Stratified
b. Squamous
c. Cuboidal
d. Columnar

A

b. Squamous

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17
Q

_______ cells in the lining of the intestine secrete mucus, a slippery
protective substance.
a. Body
b. Muscle
c. Glial
d. Goblet

A

d. Goblet

18
Q

_______ tissue stores fat and releases it when the body needs energy.
a. Loose connective
b. Adipose
c. Muscle
d. Cardiac

A

b. Adipose

19
Q

_______ membranes line the body cavities that open to the outside of the
body.
a. Mucous
b. Serous
c. Parietal
d. Visceral

A

a. Mucous

20
Q

A _______ lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside of the
body.
a. mucosa
b. serous membrane
c. synovial
d. connective tissue membrane

A

b. serous membrane

21
Q

_______ are tiny cells with long whip-like tails called flagella.
a. Sperm
b. Ovum
c. Epithelial
d. Nerve

A

a. Sperm

22
Q

_______ are specialized structures scattered throughout the cell, which
perform jobs within the cell.
a. Phospholipids
b. Nucleoli
c. Organelles
d. Chromosomes

A

c. Organelles

23
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has a granular appearance that results from
the presence of organelles called _______.
a. cilia
b. ribosomes
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria

A

b. ribosomes

24
Q

Bacteria and foreign matter are destroyed by digestive enzymes contained
in little sacs called _______.
a. chromosomes
b. microtubules
c. lysosomes
d. ribosomes

A

c. lysosomes

25
Q

_______ is the net movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration brought about by the energy of the
molecules.
a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Active transport
d. Hypertonic

A

a. Diffusion

26
Q

The passage of materials through membranes by mechanical pressure is
known as _______.
a. diffusion
b. filtration
c. active transport
d. permeability

A

b. filtration

27
Q

When blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, _______.
a. there is a net movement of water
molecules into the cells
b. water is pumped out of the cells
c. the cells shrink
d. water is removed by phagocytosis

A

a. there is a net movement of water
molecules into the cells

28
Q

In _______, the cell ingests large solid particles such as food or bacteria.
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. apoptosis
d. phagocytosis

A

d. phagocytosis

29
Q

In cell signaling, _______.
a. a message passes through membranes by
mechanical pressure
b. the first step is active transport
c. the first step is signal transduction
d. one cell communicates with another by
means of a hormone or other regulatory
molecule

A

d. one cell communicates with another by
means of a hormone or other regulatory
molecule

30
Q

Signal molecules bind to _______ on the surface of target cells.
a. receptors
b. tissues
c. lysosomes
d. neurons

A

a. receptors

31
Q

_______ is the stage of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane dissolves.
a. Prophase
b. Interphase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase

A

a. Prophase

32
Q

During _______, the chromatids are positioned along the equator of the cell.
a. prophase
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase

A

c. metaphase

33
Q

Epithelium lining the digestive tract _______ molecules of digested food.
a. secretes
b. absorbs
c. senses
d. excretes

A

b. absorbs

34
Q

Almost every organ in the body has a framework of _______ tissue that
supports it.
a. adipose
b. connective
c. muscle
d. nervous

A

b. connective

35
Q

_______ fibers are very fine, branched fibers that form a network that
supports many tissues and organs.
a. Elastic
b. Collagen
c. Reticular
d. Nervous

A

c. Reticular

36
Q

In contrast to epithelial tissue, the cells of connective tissue _______.
a. are separated by intercellular substance
b. contain fewer fibers
c. lack collagen fibers
d. are joined by ducts

A

a. are separated by intercellular substance

37
Q

Smooth muscle _______.
a. is found in the wall of the heart
b. contracts rapidly
c. has a striated appearance
d. can be found in the wall of the intestine

A

d. can be found in the wall of the intestine

38
Q

_______ are specialized for receiving impulses.
a. Adipose cells
b. Axons
c. Collagen fibers
d. Dendrites

A

d. Dendrites

39
Q

The main types of _______ membranes are mucous membranes, serous
membranes, and the skin.
a. epithelial
b. connective tissue
c. synovial
d. cardiac

A

a. epithelial

40
Q

The _______ is the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.
a. synovial membrane
b. parietal pleura
c. visceral pleura
d. parietal peritoneum

A

d. parietal peritoneum