Chapter 2

Question 1

The _______ is one of the largest cells in the human body.
a. sperm
b. ovum
c. epithelial
d. nerve

Answer 1

b. ovum

Question 2

The jelly-like material of the cell is called _______.
a. cytoplasm
b. flagella
c. organelles
d. nucleus

Answer 2

a. cytoplasm

Question 3

The _______ surrounds and protects the cell, regulating passage of
materials into and out of the cell.
a. plasma membrane
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. nuclear envelope
d. cytoplasm

Answer 3

a. plasma membrane

Question 4

Each _______ contains hundreds or thousands of units of hereditary
information that govern the structure and activity of the cell.
a. nucleolus
b. gene
c. DNA
d. chromosome

Answer 4

d. chromosome

Question 5

_______ are tiny power plants contained within the cell that carry on
cellular respiration.
a. Ribosomes
b. Golgi
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosomes

Answer 5

c. Mitochondria

Question 6

A small membrane-enclosed structure that holds or transports some type of
cargo within the cell is called a _______.
a. lysosome
b. flagellum
c. vesicle
d. cellular respiration

Answer 6

c. vesicle

Question 7

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable
membrane from a region where water molecules are more concentrated to a region where
they are less concentrated is called _______.
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. active transport

Answer 7

a. osmosis

Question 8

When blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, _______.
a. the net movement of water molecules is
zero
b. the blood cells die immediately
c. there is a net movement of water
molecules out of the cells
d. the blood cells swell and may burst

Answer 8

c. there is a net movement of water
molecules out of the cells

Question 9

In _______, the cell moves materials from a region of lower concentration
to a region of higher concentration.
a. active transport
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. osmosis

Answer 9

a. active transport

Question 10

A white blood cell ingests bacteria. This is an example of _______.
a. diffusion
b. passive transport
c. phagocytosis
d. cell pumping action

Answer 10

a. diffusion

Question 11

_______ are chemical messengers used between cells for communication.
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Receptors
d. Hormones

Answer 11

d. Hormones

Question 12

Target cells _______.
a. typically have receptors that bind signal
molecules to their surfaces
b. usually replicate and die when contracted
by a signal molecule
c. are the first cells in a cell signaling
pathway
d. kill invading microorganisms

Answer 12

a. typically have receptors that bind signal
molecules to their surfaces

Question 13

In a process called _______, receptors convert signals outside the cell into
a signal inside the cell that affects cellular activity.
a. diffusion
b. apoptosis
c. signal transduction
d. active transport

Answer 13

c. signal transduction

Question 14

The cell spends most of its life in _______, the period between mitoses.
a. prophase
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. telophase

Answer 14

b. interphase

Question 15

During _______, the chromatids separate and become independent
chromosomes.
a. interphase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase

Answer 15

c. anaphase

Question 16

_______ epithelial cells are thin, flattened cells shaped like pancakes or
flagstones.
a. Stratified
b. Squamous
c. Cuboidal
d. Columnar

Answer 16

b. Squamous

Question 17

_______ cells in the lining of the intestine secrete mucus, a slippery
protective substance.
a. Body
b. Muscle
c. Glial
d. Goblet

Answer 17

d. Goblet

Question 18

_______ tissue stores fat and releases it when the body needs energy.
a. Loose connective
b. Adipose
c. Muscle
d. Cardiac

Answer 18

b. Adipose

Question 19

_______ membranes line the body cavities that open to the outside of the
body.
a. Mucous
b. Serous
c. Parietal
d. Visceral

Answer 19

a. Mucous

Question 20

A _______ lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside of the
body.
a. mucosa
b. serous membrane
c. synovial
d. connective tissue membrane

Answer 20

b. serous membrane

Question 21

_______ are tiny cells with long whip-like tails called flagella.
a. Sperm
b. Ovum
c. Epithelial
d. Nerve

Answer 21

a. Sperm

Question 22

_______ are specialized structures scattered throughout the cell, which
perform jobs within the cell.
a. Phospholipids
b. Nucleoli
c. Organelles
d. Chromosomes

Answer 22

c. Organelles

Question 23

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has a granular appearance that results from
the presence of organelles called _______.
a. cilia
b. ribosomes
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria

Answer 23

b. ribosomes

Question 24

Bacteria and foreign matter are destroyed by digestive enzymes contained
in little sacs called _______.
a. chromosomes
b. microtubules
c. lysosomes
d. ribosomes

Answer 24

c. lysosomes

Question 25

_______ is the net movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration brought about by the energy of the molecules. a. Diffusion b. Filtration c. Active transport d. Hypertonic

Answer 25

a. Diffusion

Question 26

The passage of materials through membranes by mechanical pressure is known as _______. a. diffusion b. filtration c. active transport d. permeability

Answer 26

b. filtration

Question 27

When blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, _______. a. there is a net movement of water molecules into the cells b. water is pumped out of the cells c. the cells shrink d. water is removed by phagocytosis

Answer 27

a. there is a net movement of water molecules into the cells

Question 28

In _______, the cell ingests large solid particles such as food or bacteria. a. diffusion b. osmosis c. apoptosis d. phagocytosis

Answer 28

d. phagocytosis

Question 29

In cell signaling, _______. a. a message passes through membranes by mechanical pressure b. the first step is active transport c. the first step is signal transduction d. one cell communicates with another by means of a hormone or other regulatory molecule

Answer 29

d. one cell communicates with another by means of a hormone or other regulatory molecule

Question 30

Signal molecules bind to _______ on the surface of target cells. a. receptors b. tissues c. lysosomes d. neurons

Answer 30

a. receptors

Question 31

_______ is the stage of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane dissolves. a. Prophase b. Interphase c. Metaphase d. Anaphase

Answer 31

a. Prophase

Question 32

During _______, the chromatids are positioned along the equator of the cell. a. prophase b. interphase c. metaphase d. anaphase

Answer 32

c. metaphase

Question 33

Epithelium lining the digestive tract _______ molecules of digested food. a. secretes b. absorbs c. senses d. excretes

Answer 33

b. absorbs

Question 34

Almost every organ in the body has a framework of _______ tissue that supports it. a. adipose b. connective c. muscle d. nervous

Answer 34

b. connective

Question 35

_______ fibers are very fine, branched fibers that form a network that supports many tissues and organs. a. Elastic b. Collagen c. Reticular d. Nervous

Answer 35

c. Reticular

Question 36

In contrast to epithelial tissue, the cells of connective tissue _______. a. are separated by intercellular substance b. contain fewer fibers c. lack collagen fibers d. are joined by ducts

Answer 36

a. are separated by intercellular substance

Question 37

Smooth muscle _______. a. is found in the wall of the heart b. contracts rapidly c. has a striated appearance d. can be found in the wall of the intestine

Answer 37

d. can be found in the wall of the intestine

Question 38

_______ are specialized for receiving impulses. a. Adipose cells b. Axons c. Collagen fibers d. Dendrites

Answer 38

d. Dendrites

Question 39

The main types of _______ membranes are mucous membranes, serous membranes, and the skin. a. epithelial b. connective tissue c. synovial d. cardiac

Answer 39

a. epithelial

Question 40

The _______ is the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity. a. synovial membrane b. parietal pleura c. visceral pleura d. parietal peritoneum

Answer 40

d. parietal peritoneum