Chapter 2 Flashcards
The _______ is one of the largest cells in the human body.
a. sperm
b. ovum
c. epithelial
d. nerve
b. ovum
The jelly-like material of the cell is called _______.
a. cytoplasm
b. flagella
c. organelles
d. nucleus
a. cytoplasm
The _______ surrounds and protects the cell, regulating passage of
materials into and out of the cell.
a. plasma membrane
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. nuclear envelope
d. cytoplasm
a. plasma membrane
Each _______ contains hundreds or thousands of units of hereditary
information that govern the structure and activity of the cell.
a. nucleolus
b. gene
c. DNA
d. chromosome
d. chromosome
_______ are tiny power plants contained within the cell that carry on
cellular respiration.
a. Ribosomes
b. Golgi
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosomes
c. Mitochondria
A small membrane-enclosed structure that holds or transports some type of
cargo within the cell is called a _______.
a. lysosome
b. flagellum
c. vesicle
d. cellular respiration
c. vesicle
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable
membrane from a region where water molecules are more concentrated to a region where
they are less concentrated is called _______.
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. active transport
a. osmosis
When blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, _______.
a. the net movement of water molecules is
zero
b. the blood cells die immediately
c. there is a net movement of water
molecules out of the cells
d. the blood cells swell and may burst
c. there is a net movement of water
molecules out of the cells
In _______, the cell moves materials from a region of lower concentration
to a region of higher concentration.
a. active transport
b. diffusion
c. filtration
d. osmosis
a. active transport
A white blood cell ingests bacteria. This is an example of _______.
a. diffusion
b. passive transport
c. phagocytosis
d. cell pumping action
a. diffusion
_______ are chemical messengers used between cells for communication.
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Receptors
d. Hormones
d. Hormones
Target cells _______.
a. typically have receptors that bind signal
molecules to their surfaces
b. usually replicate and die when contracted
by a signal molecule
c. are the first cells in a cell signaling
pathway
d. kill invading microorganisms
a. typically have receptors that bind signal
molecules to their surfaces
In a process called _______, receptors convert signals outside the cell into
a signal inside the cell that affects cellular activity.
a. diffusion
b. apoptosis
c. signal transduction
d. active transport
c. signal transduction
The cell spends most of its life in _______, the period between mitoses.
a. prophase
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. telophase
b. interphase
During _______, the chromatids separate and become independent
chromosomes.
a. interphase
b. metaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
c. anaphase
_______ epithelial cells are thin, flattened cells shaped like pancakes or
flagstones.
a. Stratified
b. Squamous
c. Cuboidal
d. Columnar
b. Squamous
_______ cells in the lining of the intestine secrete mucus, a slippery
protective substance.
a. Body
b. Muscle
c. Glial
d. Goblet
d. Goblet
_______ tissue stores fat and releases it when the body needs energy.
a. Loose connective
b. Adipose
c. Muscle
d. Cardiac
b. Adipose
_______ membranes line the body cavities that open to the outside of the
body.
a. Mucous
b. Serous
c. Parietal
d. Visceral
a. Mucous
A _______ lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside of the
body.
a. mucosa
b. serous membrane
c. synovial
d. connective tissue membrane
b. serous membrane
_______ are tiny cells with long whip-like tails called flagella.
a. Sperm
b. Ovum
c. Epithelial
d. Nerve
a. Sperm
_______ are specialized structures scattered throughout the cell, which
perform jobs within the cell.
a. Phospholipids
b. Nucleoli
c. Organelles
d. Chromosomes
c. Organelles
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has a granular appearance that results from
the presence of organelles called _______.
a. cilia
b. ribosomes
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria
b. ribosomes
Bacteria and foreign matter are destroyed by digestive enzymes contained
in little sacs called _______.
a. chromosomes
b. microtubules
c. lysosomes
d. ribosomes
c. lysosomes
_______ is the net movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration brought about by the energy of the
molecules.
a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Active transport
d. Hypertonic
a. Diffusion
The passage of materials through membranes by mechanical pressure is
known as _______.
a. diffusion
b. filtration
c. active transport
d. permeability
b. filtration
When blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, _______.
a. there is a net movement of water
molecules into the cells
b. water is pumped out of the cells
c. the cells shrink
d. water is removed by phagocytosis
a. there is a net movement of water
molecules into the cells
In _______, the cell ingests large solid particles such as food or bacteria.
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. apoptosis
d. phagocytosis
d. phagocytosis
In cell signaling, _______.
a. a message passes through membranes by
mechanical pressure
b. the first step is active transport
c. the first step is signal transduction
d. one cell communicates with another by
means of a hormone or other regulatory
molecule
d. one cell communicates with another by
means of a hormone or other regulatory
molecule
Signal molecules bind to _______ on the surface of target cells.
a. receptors
b. tissues
c. lysosomes
d. neurons
a. receptors
_______ is the stage of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane dissolves.
a. Prophase
b. Interphase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
a. Prophase
During _______, the chromatids are positioned along the equator of the cell.
a. prophase
b. interphase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
c. metaphase
Epithelium lining the digestive tract _______ molecules of digested food.
a. secretes
b. absorbs
c. senses
d. excretes
b. absorbs
Almost every organ in the body has a framework of _______ tissue that
supports it.
a. adipose
b. connective
c. muscle
d. nervous
b. connective
_______ fibers are very fine, branched fibers that form a network that
supports many tissues and organs.
a. Elastic
b. Collagen
c. Reticular
d. Nervous
c. Reticular
In contrast to epithelial tissue, the cells of connective tissue _______.
a. are separated by intercellular substance
b. contain fewer fibers
c. lack collagen fibers
d. are joined by ducts
a. are separated by intercellular substance
Smooth muscle _______.
a. is found in the wall of the heart
b. contracts rapidly
c. has a striated appearance
d. can be found in the wall of the intestine
d. can be found in the wall of the intestine
_______ are specialized for receiving impulses.
a. Adipose cells
b. Axons
c. Collagen fibers
d. Dendrites
d. Dendrites
The main types of _______ membranes are mucous membranes, serous
membranes, and the skin.
a. epithelial
b. connective tissue
c. synovial
d. cardiac
a. epithelial
The _______ is the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.
a. synovial membrane
b. parietal pleura
c. visceral pleura
d. parietal peritoneum
d. parietal peritoneum
