chapter 8 Flashcards
comensal organisms
live peacefully on our skin and in our mucosal layers. and do not normally cause disease. they just chill there
live, and let live
pathogens
organism that causes disease to its host
immunity
being resistant to the to a disease or infection
innate resistance
ready to go and able to express their maximum protective effectiveness every time they are called to defend the body.
adaptave immune response
This very potent response differs from the innate response in that it initially is very weak (ineffective), but becomes very specific and amplifies a coordinated response geared specifically to whatever foreign agent has triggered it.
antigen (Ag)
Any substance recognized by the immune system, either the innate or adaptive aspect, is called an antigen (Ag).
An immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
derived in the bone marrow, can differentiate into either a common lymphoid progenitor or into a common myeloid progenitor
common lymphoid progenitor
common lymphoid progenitor which further specializes into cells considered innate as well as cells of the adaptive immune response
common myeloid progenitor
common myeloid progenitor that differentiates into the rest of the innate cells of the immune system, as well as red blood cells and platelets.
leukocytes
‘white blood cells’. specialized cells that exit the blood to reside in tissues
The common myeloid progenitor cell gives rise to…
the erythroblast that produces erythrocytes (red blood cells),
megakaryocytes that produce platelets, an unknown precursor that gives rise to mast cells
granulocytes (eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils),
monocytes that give rise to dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages
the common lymphoid progenitor cell gives rise to…
lymphoid cells, namely B cells, T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) including natural killer (NK) cells.
primary immune system organs/tissues
sites where hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into the cells of the adaptive immune system – B and T lymphocytes. B cells differentiate in the bone marrow, while T cells differentiate in the thymus. As we will cover in greater detail in Part II of this module, both B and T cells go through a series of selection steps as ‘training’ to become a mature participant in the immune system. These selection/training steps occur within their respective primary lymphoid tissue.
secondary immune system organs/tissues
All other organs and tissues involved in the adaptive immune response are considered secondary lymphoid tissues.
mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues MALT
gut associated lymphoid tissue GALT
skin associated lymphoid tissue SALT
are secondary lymphoid tissues located near barriers commonly breached by invading organisms. They are able to provide context-specific signals to the adaptive immune system to help generate the most appropriate response.
