chapter 4

Question 1

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 1

This is an example of: post-translational regulation

on allosteric enzyme, there can be 2 sites. one is a Catalytic site and ythe other is a Regulatory site

Allosteric means, “other site”

the allosteric effector will bind to the regulatory site and will cause a conformation change in the catalytic site. This can either inhibit or increase activity

Question 2

Regulation by Covalent Modification

Answer 2

this is another post-translational regulation method.

It involves adding or removing a particullar chemical group.

example: trypsinogen is inactive in the pacreas until it comes in contact with Enterokinase whcih activates it by covalent modification

Question 3

gluconeogenesis (what are the three main glycolytic pathways?)

Answer 3

Embden Meyerhor Pathway
-found in all microoraganisms
-yeilds 2 ATP per glucose molecule

Entner Doudoroff Pathway
-makes ATP through substrate level phosporylation
-produces 2 NADPH and 2 pyruvate
-common in gram-neg bacteria

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)
-substrate level phosphorylation
-doesnt focus on ATP production. but generates intermediates for biosynthesis
-provides ribose 5 phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis