chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

replicon

A

region of the gene that contains the REPLICATION ORIGIN

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2
Q

sigma factor

A

in transcription of RNA, it recognizes and guides the RNA from -30 and -10 sites to the +1 site to begin transscribing (promotor region)

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3
Q

consensus sequence

A

each sigma factor knows which promotor to go to, to initiate transcription process

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4
Q

3 types of termination of RNA during the end of transcription

A
  1. intrinsic termintation - signals within the RNA transcript itself
  2. Rho (p) protein uses ATP to pull it apart

3.

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5
Q

wobble effect

A

happens in translation when you dont have enough anti codons (tRNA) for all the amino acids. so it just accepts the last anticode

ex: if it is supposed to be ATG then ATC will work just fine

this means you dont have to make so many tRNA’s and also decreases chances of heritable mutations

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6
Q

chaperons

A

they are protines that help other protiens fold. they supress incorrect folding.

a chaperon called the Trigger Factor (TF) accociates with the ribosome and succesfully helps fold many protiens.

about 25% of proteins need help folding

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7
Q

Translocation & Secretion (3types)

A

Translocation: moving proteins across plasma membrane

Secretion: out of cell into external environment (3 types)
Sec –> in all 3 domains and translocates Un-folded proteins across membrane
Tat –> only secretes folded protiens
YidC –> works with Sec

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8
Q

Two-step and One-step secreting Systems

A

one-step: directly from cytoplasm to extracellular

two-step: cytoplasm –> periplasm –> extracellular (V, II, IX)

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9
Q

inducers

A

makes repressor fall of operator

makes activator attatch to promoter

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10
Q

co-repressors

A

makes repressor attatch to operator

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11
Q

Inhibitor

A

makes activator attatch to promoter

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12
Q

riboswitches

A
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13
Q

attenuation

A

loops that form and either stop transcription or lets it continue.

Ex: trp operon.
continues in precnce of low trp
terminates it in precense of high trp

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14
Q

riboswitches

A

part of an mRNA transcript 5’ molecule that can bind and target small molecules

during transcription if the end-product is abundant then it will bind to the riboswitch and transcription will stop

during transcription if the end-product is needed, it will continue transcription

–> in translation it has to do with shine delagarno sequences (SD)

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15
Q

sRNA

A

less commonly used, sRNA regulates translation by trans-endoding and they can form stem-loop structures

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16
Q

two-component sigal transduction (global regulation)

A
17
Q
A