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Biology 115 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

Adren/o

A

adrenal glands

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3
Q

Adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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4
Q

Andr/o

A

male

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5
Q

Cortic/o

A

cortex

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6
Q

Crin/o

A

secrete

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7
Q

Dips/o

A

thirst

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8
Q

Gluc/o

A

sugar

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9
Q

Glyc/o

A

sugar

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10
Q

Gonad/o

A

sex glands

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11
Q

Hormon/o

A

hormone

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12
Q

Pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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13
Q

Ster/o

A

steroid

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14
Q

Thyr/o

A

thyroid gland

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15
Q

Hormone

A

chemical used in the endocrine system to carry messages

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16
Q

Gland

A

a structure on its own or groups of cells within an organ that function to produce hormones

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17
Q

Target Tissue

A

cells of a tissue that have receptors for a specific hormone

18
Q

Receptor

A

shape-specific binding site for a hormone

19
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Secretes melatonin
Targets brain and hypothalamus

Helps regulate daily biological rhythms; inhibits GnRH production

20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) = anterior pituitary
Stimulates secretion of FSH and LH
CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) = anterior pituitary
Stimulates secretion of ACTH
GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) = anterior pituitary
Stimulates secretion of GH

21
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) = thyroid
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone and growth of the thyroid
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) = adrenal cortex
Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids and growth of the adrenal cortex
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) = 1.Ovaries 2.Testes
1.Stimulates secretion of estrogen 2.Stimulates sperm production
LH (luteinizing hormone) = 1.Ovaries 2.Testes
1.Stimulates ovulation 2.Stimulates secretion of testosterone
GH (growth hormone) = liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, adipose tissue
Stimulates widespread tissue growth

22
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) = kidneys
Increases water retention
Oxytocin = 1.Uterus 2.Lactating breasts
1.Stimulates uterine contractions 2.Stimulates release of milk

23
Q

Parathyroids

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone) = 1.Osteoclasts 2.Kidneys 3.Small intestine
1.Stimulates bone reabsorption to increase blood calcium levels 2.Stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys to maintain blood calcium levels 3.Stimulates calcium absorption

24
Q

Pancreas

A

Glucagon = Liver
Stimulates glycogen conversion to glucose and then its secretion to raise blood glucose levels

25
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) = Kidneys
Promote sodium (Na+) and water reabsorption; promote potassium (k+) excretion; maintain blood volume and pressure
Glucocorticoids (cortisol) = Most tissues
Stimulate the breakdown of protein and fat to make glucose; suppress the immune system; reduce inflammation
Androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) = Most tissues
Precursors to testosterone, responsible for male secondary sex characteristics and for sex drive in both sexes

26
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Epinephrine = Most tissues
Raises metabolic rate; increases heart and respiration rates; increases blood glucose levels (complements sympathetic nervous system)

27
Q

Thyroid Hormone

A

collective term for both T3 and T4

28
Q

Pancreatic Islets

A

1 to 2 million groups of endocrine cells in the pancreas that produce the hormones insulin and glucagon

29
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that promote sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion and the kidney to maintain blood volume and pressure

30
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that stimulate the breakdown of protein and fat to make glucose, suppress the immune system, and reduce inflammation

31
Q

Androgens

A

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that are responsible for male secondary sex characteristics and for sex drive in both genders

32
Q

Gonads

A

the ovaries in women and the testes inmne

33
Q

Second Messenger

A

chemical created by the binding of a hormone in a receptor on the cell membrane. the second messenger then carries the info to where it is needed to the cell to initiate the function of the hormone

34
Q

Autocrine

A

refers to the secretion of a hormone by the cells of the same tissue that it targets

35
Q

Paracrine

A

refers to hormones that work on neighboring cells without having to go through the blood to get to the target tissue

36
Q

Endocrine

A

term that refers to hormones that travel through the blood to get to their target tissue

37
Q

Pheromone

A

refers to chemicals that cause a response outside the body in another individual

38
Q

Plasma Proteins

A

transport protein (made by the liver) that binds to a hormone in the blood to extend its half-life

39
Q

Up-Regulation

A

an increase in the number of receptors for a given hormone, causing the cell to become more sensitive to the hormone

40
Q

Down-Reglation

A

a decrease in the number of receptors for a given hormone, causing the cell to become less sensitive to the hormone

41
Q

Half-life

A

the length of time it takes for one-half of a substance to be eliminated from the cardiovascular system

42
Q
A

Biology 115 (7 decks)

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