Chapter 2 Flashcards
Organelles
specialized, membrane-bound structures of cells (e.g. mitochondria, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi complexes)
Matter
anything that takes up space and has mass
Element
has a unique set of chemical properties and cannot be separated by chemical methods
Atom
the smallest piece of an element still exhibiting the element’s unique set of chemical properties
Molecules
two or more atoms bonded together
Solution
a substance that is composed of solutes dissolved in a solvent
Acid
a molecule that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) when added to water
Gene
the amount of DNA that must be read for the directions to make one specific protein
Chemical Reaction
interaction between molecules that results in products
Metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
Reactants
molecules that come together to interact in a chemical reaction
Nucleus
enclosed by a membrane
found in all cells except red blood cells
houses DNA
Protein Synthesis
production of proteins in a cell through the processes of transcription and translation
Meiosis
a two-division process, used to create sperm and eggs, that starts with a parent cell of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). It results in four daughter cells, each having 23 chromosomes. The set of chromosomes in each daughter cell is different from the sets in the other daughter cells due to independent assortment and crossing-over.
Mitosis
the cell division process that creates all body cells other than sperm and eggs.
Telomeres
sequences of nucleotides that provide a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes
Histology
the study of tissues
Epithelial Tissues
tissues that cover and line all body surfaces and have a basement membrane
Hypertrophy
the growth of tissue through the growth of existing cells; mode of growth in adult body builders
Hyperplasia
the growth of tissue through the production of more cells; mode of growth during childhood
