Chapter 6

Question 1

Cephal/o

Answer 1

head

Question 2

Cerebell/o

Answer 2

cerebellum

Question 3

Cerebr/o

Answer 3

cerebrum

Question 4

Dur/o

Answer 4

tough

Question 5

Encephal/o

Answer 5

brain

Question 6

Gangli/o

Answer 6

ganglion

Question 7

Gli/o

Answer 7

glue

Question 8

Medull/o

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

Mening/o

Answer 9

meninges

Question 10

Myel/o

Answer 10

spinal cord

Question 11

Neur/o

Answer 11

nerve

Question 12

Poli/o

Answer 12

gray matter

Question 13

Afferent

Answer 13

in the direction toward the brain or spinal cord in the nervous system

Question 14

Efferent

Answer 14

in the direction away from the brain or spinal cord in the nervous system

Question 15

Somatomotor

Answer 15

type of nerve message used to stimulate skeletal muscles to move the body

Question 16

Autonomic

Answer 16

type of nerve message that goes to glands, the cardiac muscle of the heart, or the smooth muscle of hollow organs and blood vessels

Question 17

Parasympathetic

Answer 17

division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to carry out functions for vegetative activities such as digestion, defecation, and urination

Question 18

Sympathetic

Answer 18

division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to prepare the body for physical activity often referred as fight or flight

Question 19

Neuroglia

Answer 19

cells that aid neurons in their function

Question 20

Dendrite

Answer 20

portion of a neuron that receives information

Question 21

Axon

Answer 21

portion of a neuron that carries electrical impulses along its length from the cell body to the synaptic knobs at the end of the neuron

Question 22

Synapse

Answer 22

junction formed by the neuron’s synaptic knob with another cell - gland cell, muscle cell, or dendrite of another neuron

Question 23

Myelin

Answer 23

a lipid-rich intermittent covering over the axons of some neurons. gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of ranvier

Question 24

White Matter

Answer 24

concentration of myelinated axons in the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

Gray Matter

Answer 24

concentration of dendrites, cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons in the brain and spinal cord

Question 25

Fascicle

Answer 25

bundle of axons

Question 26

Nerve Fiber

Answer 26

a single neuron

Question 27

Endoneurium

Answer 27

connective tissue surrounding the axon of a singe neuron

Question 28

Perineurium

Answer 28

connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

Question 29

Epineurium

Answer 29

connective tissue surrounding a bundle of fascicles

Question 30

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 30

a difference in charge across the cell membrane of a neuron created by the presence if many large negative ions inside in the cell and many positive sodium ions outside the cell

Question 31

Depolarized

Answer 31

to change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the flow of Na+ into the cell

Question 32

Repolarize

Answer 32

to change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the opening of K+ channels to allow the flow of K+

Question 33

Local Potential

Answer 33

the flow of electricity begun by stimulating the dendrite of a neuron

Question 34

Decremental

Answer 34

decrease with distance

Question 35

Action Potential

Answer 35

the flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in one direction - from the trigger zone to the synaptic knob

Question 36

Reflex

Answer 36

an involuntary, predictable, motor response to a stimulus without conscious thought

Question 37

Aphasia

Answer 37

any language deficit resulting from damage to either Wernicke’s or Broca’s area

Question 38

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Answer 38

a condition that happens when part of the brain dies due to a lack of blood supply, also called a stroke

Question 39

Rabies Virus

Answer 39

a virus transmitted by infected animals to humans, causes acute encephalitis

Question 40

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 40

a progressive, irreversible disease of the brain that is characterized by dementia

Question 41

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 41

a group of symptoms that occur following injury to the brain prenatally, perinatally, or postnatally

Question 42

Concussion

Answer 42

injury of the brain resulting from impact

Question 43

Depression

Answer 43

a mental disorder caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters that affects a person’s mood by altering the way he or she feels, thinks, eats, and works

Question 44

Encephalitis

Answer 44

swelling of the brain that is usually caused by a bacterial of viral infection

Question 45

Epilepsy

Answer 45

a condition that is characterized by recurring seizures

Question 46

Gliomas

Answer 46

tumor cells formed by neuroglia

Question 47

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 47

a genetic disease that destroys brain cells responsible for movement and coordination

Question 48

Hydrocephalus

Answer 48

a condition resulting from excess cerebrospinal fluid buildup in the brain

Question 49

Meningitis

Answer 49

inflammation of the membranes surrounding he brain and spinal cord

Question 50

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Answer 50

a disease characterized by demyelination of the axon

Question 51

Paralysis

Answer 51

a loss of muscle function due to an interruption in the pathway between the brain and muscles

Question 52

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 52

a degenerative disorder of the brain characterized by tremors and slow, uncoordinated movements