Chapter 7 Flashcards
Audi/o
hearing
Aur/o
ear
Cochle/o
cochlea
Corne/o
cornea
Lacrim/o
tears
Lith/o
stone
Ocul/o
eye
Ophthalm/o
eye
Opt/o
eye, vision
Ot/o
ear
Presby/o
old age
Propri/o
own
Retin/o
retina
Scler/o
sclera
Tympan/o
eardrum
Receptive Field
an area in which a single neuron is responsible for detecting a stimulus
Free Nerve Endings
~bare dendrites with no associated connective tissue
~widespread throughout the skin and mucous membranes
~thermoreceptors for heat and cold
~nociceptors for pain
Tactile Corpuscles
~two or three nerve fibers among flattened Schwann cells, forming a pear-like structure
~dermal papillae of the skin; highly concentrated in the fingertips and palmar skin
~mechanoreceptors for light touch and texture
Hair Receptors
~bare dendrites with no associated connective tissue
~wrapped around the base of a hair follicle
~mechanoreceptors for any light touch that bends a hair
Lamellar Corpuscles
~single dendrites surrounded by flattened Schwann cells that in turn are surrounded by fibroblasts, giving a layered appearance like tree rings
~deep in the dermis, especially on the hands, breasts, and genitals
~mechanoreceptors for deep pressure, stretch, and vibration
Bulbous (Ruffini) Corpuscles
~long, flattened capsules with a few nerve fibers
~dermis if the skin
~mechanoreceptors for heavy touch, pressure, and stretching of the skin
Tactile Disks
~flattened nerve endings
~stratum basale of the epidermis next to specialized tactile cells
~mechanoreceptors for light touch
Gustation
the sense of taste
Pinna
external ear flap composed of elastic cartilage
Auditory Canal
leads from opening in temporal bone to the tympanic membrane
External Auditory Meatus
opening in the temporal bone
Tympanic Membrane
eardrum
Malleus
attached to tympanic membrane and forms a synovial joint with the incus
Incus
forms synovial joint with the stapes
Stapes
comes into contact with a membranous oval window located at the beginning of the inner ear
Ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
Cochlea
snail-like fluid-filled coil embedded in the bony labyrinth
Static Equilibrium
equilibrium perceived when the head is stationary or moving in a straight line
Dynamic Equilibrium
equilibrium perceived when the head is rotating
Vestibular Apparatus
anatomy used to perceive equilibrium; includes the saccule. utricle, and semicircular canals of the inner ear
Otoliths
calcium carbonate and protein granules located in the saccule and utricle of the inner ear
Refraction
the bending of light as it passes through materials of different densities
Glaucoma
a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure, diagnosed with tonometer, can be stopped but damage cannot be reversed
Myopia
nearsightedness caused by the cornea and lens focusing an image ahead of the retina
Hyperopia
farsightedness caused by the cornea and lens focusing an image behind the retina
Astigmatism
a condition caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea of the lens of the eye that results in images not being focused on the retina
Accomodation
the ability of the eye to change the shape of the lens to keep an image in focus with a change in distance
Ishihara Test
test for color blindness
Rinne Test / Weber Test
procedures in which a tuning fork is used to test for hearing loss
Snellen Test
an eye chart used to measure visual acuity
