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Biology 115 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cutane/o

A

Skin

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2
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

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3
Q

Derm/o

A

Skin

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4
Q

Kerat/o

A

Hard

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5
Q

Melan/o

A

Black

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6
Q

Onych/o

A

Nail

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7
Q

Seb/o

A

Oil

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8
Q

Epidermis

A

superficial layer of the skin that is subdivided into four or five general layers called strata

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9
Q

Cutaneous

A

pertaining to the skin

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10
Q

Hypodermis / Subcutaneous Layer

A

the layer, technically not part of skin, that is deep to the dermis and attaches skin to the rest of the body

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11
Q

Stratum Basale

A

the deepest layer of the epidermis and the only one with cells that actively grow and divide to produce new epidermis

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12
Q

Thick Skin

A

epidermis that contains stratum lucidum and lacks hair follicles

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13
Q

Thin Skin

A

Epidermis that contains hair follicles and lacks stratum lucidum

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14
Q

Exfoliate

A

to shed dead keratinocytes from the stratum corneum

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15
Q

Keratin

A

A hard, waterproof protein found in epidermal cells, hair, and nails

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16
Q

Cornification

A

Process in which keratinocytes fill with keratin and die as they move toward the surface of the epidermis

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17
Q

Melanosomes

A

melanin-filled vesicles

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18
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease-causing foreign invaders

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19
Q

Papillae

A

(1) Bumps on the superficial edge of the dermis that are in contact with the epidermis; (2) bumps on the tongue that house the taste buds

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20
Q

Elastin

A

The ability to come back to shape after being stretched

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21
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Glands, such as sebaceous and sweat glands, that produce and secrete products that are delivered to the appropriate locations through ducts

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22
Q

Sweat Glands

A

Four types of exocrine glands- merocrine, apocrine, ceruminous, and mammary- that are located in the dermis

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23
Q

Sebum

A

A very oily, lipid-rich substance produced by the sebaceous gland to moisturize the skin and hair

24
Q

Acne

A

Condition in which sebaceous ducts become plugged, bacteria grow in the plugged ducts causing inflammation, hair follicle walls break down due to the increased inflammation, and the pus formed causes a pimple

25
Q

Merocrine Sweat Gland

A

Most numerous type. Delivers sweat to surface of skin through a duct out a pore. Located all over the body and are highly concentrated in palmar and plantar regions.
Watery sweat composed of 99% water, lactic acid, nitrogenous waste called urea, and some salt.
Helps cool the body through evaporation.

26
Q

Apocrine Sweat Gland

A

Delivers sweat through duct leading to a hair follicle. Typically associated with axillary, pubic, and beard hair. Begin to produce sweat at puberty.
Lipid-rich sweat that bacteria feed on. Body odor is caused by waste from bacteria feeding on the sweat.
Serves as scent to influence the behavior of others.

27
Q

Ceruminous Gland

A

Modified sweat gland found only in the ear canal.
Cerumen (earwax)
Keeps eardrum flexible, waterproofs ear canal, kills bacteria, and protects canal from foreign debris.

28
Q

Mammary Gland

A

Modified sweat gland found in the breast. Begin to develop at puberty and fully develop during pregnancy. Deliver their products to ducts that end at the nipple.
Breast milk, which is composed of water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and minerals.
Nourishes and infant.

29
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A

Smooth muscle that attaches the hair follicle’s base to the epidermis at an angle. When it contracts, it pulls on the hair follicle’s base making the hair stand upright (goosebumps)

30
Q

Lanugo

A

Hair, which is very fine and unpigmented (colorless), forms on a fetus during the last 3 months of its development. This hair is usually replaced by birth.

31
Q

Vellus Hair

A

Hair, which is also unpigmented and very fine, replaces lanugo hair around the time of birth. An example of vellus hair is the body hair on most women and children.

32
Q

Terminal Hair

A

Hair, which is thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented, forms the eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on the scalp. At puberty, terminal hair forms in the axillary and pubic regions of both sexes. It also forms on the face and possibly on the trunk and limbs of men

33
Q

Onychomycosis
(Tinea Unguium)

A

Fungal infections of the nails. Causes nails to thicken and become discolored. Often affects older people due to reduced blood flow and slower-growing nails. Usually treated by oral antifungal drugs, medicated nail polish, or an antifungal nail cream. Common for repeat infection to occur.

34
Q

Skin Biopsy

A

The removal of a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from a body so that it can be analyzed in a laboratory

35
Q

Skin Scraping

A

The taking of skin cell scrapings so that the cells can be viewed under a microscope

36
Q

Wood’s Light

A

The use of a black light to view pigment changes in the skin

37
Q

Acne

A

Inflammation of sebaceous glands caused by oil, excess cells, and bacteria found on the skin

38
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness of excessive loss of hair

39
Q

Burns

A

Damage to tissues caused by heat, chemicals, sunlight, radiation, or electricity

40
Q

Cellulitits

A

An infection of the skin’s dermis or hypodermis, which is frequently caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria

41
Q

Decubitus Ulcers

A

Areas of necrotic or ulcerated tissue caused by the pressure of a bony prominence in the body and another surface

42
Q

Dermititis

A

Inflammation of the skin

43
Q

Herpes

A

Viral infections of the skin, including he oral and genital areas

44
Q

Hives

A

A reaction of the skin that can be caused by insect bites or by contact with substances that cause an allergic reaction, such as certain foods or drugs

45
Q

Impetigo

A

An infectious disease of the skin caused by the Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteris

46
Q

Psoriasis

A

Skin condition of the nails and epidermis characterized by an overgrowth of skin cells and improper keratinization

47
Q

Scabies

A

An infection of the skin caused by an infestation of mites

48
Q

Scleroderma

A

Increased collagen production in the skin and organs

49
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Cancerous growths on the skin most commonly associated with sun exposure. The three types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.

50
Q

Tinea Infections

A

Fungal infections of the skin

51
Q

Warts

A

Growths caused by an infection of the skin produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV)

52
Q

Regeneration

A

Wound healing with the same tissue that was damaged; normal function is returned

53
Q

Fibrosis

A

Wound healing with scar tissue; normal function is not returned

54
Q

1st Degree Burns

A

Most common burns. i.e. sunburns. Involve only the epidermis. Symptoms are redness, pain, and swelling. New epidermis will ne made by the stratum basale.

55
Q

2nd Degree Burn

A

AKA partial thickness burns, involve epidermis and dermis. Symptoms are redness, pain, swelling, and blisters.

56
Q

3rd Degree Burn

A

AKA full thickness burns, most serious burns. Involve epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Symptoms are charring and no pain at site because nerve endings of dermis have been destroyed. Pain at 2nd and 1st degree burns that typically surround it. Skin grafting may be necessary if burn is too large.

Biology 115 (7 decks)

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