Chapter 3 Flashcards
Cutane/o
Skin
Cyan/o
Blue
Derm/o
Skin
Kerat/o
Hard
Melan/o
Black
Onych/o
Nail
Seb/o
Oil
Epidermis
superficial layer of the skin that is subdivided into four or five general layers called strata
Cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
Hypodermis / Subcutaneous Layer
the layer, technically not part of skin, that is deep to the dermis and attaches skin to the rest of the body
Stratum Basale
the deepest layer of the epidermis and the only one with cells that actively grow and divide to produce new epidermis
Thick Skin
epidermis that contains stratum lucidum and lacks hair follicles
Thin Skin
Epidermis that contains hair follicles and lacks stratum lucidum
Exfoliate
to shed dead keratinocytes from the stratum corneum
Keratin
A hard, waterproof protein found in epidermal cells, hair, and nails
Cornification
Process in which keratinocytes fill with keratin and die as they move toward the surface of the epidermis
Melanosomes
melanin-filled vesicles
Pathogens
Disease-causing foreign invaders
Papillae
(1) Bumps on the superficial edge of the dermis that are in contact with the epidermis; (2) bumps on the tongue that house the taste buds
Elastin
The ability to come back to shape after being stretched
Exocrine Glands
Glands, such as sebaceous and sweat glands, that produce and secrete products that are delivered to the appropriate locations through ducts
Sweat Glands
Four types of exocrine glands- merocrine, apocrine, ceruminous, and mammary- that are located in the dermis
Sebum
A very oily, lipid-rich substance produced by the sebaceous gland to moisturize the skin and hair
Acne
Condition in which sebaceous ducts become plugged, bacteria grow in the plugged ducts causing inflammation, hair follicle walls break down due to the increased inflammation, and the pus formed causes a pimple
Merocrine Sweat Gland
Most numerous type. Delivers sweat to surface of skin through a duct out a pore. Located all over the body and are highly concentrated in palmar and plantar regions.
Watery sweat composed of 99% water, lactic acid, nitrogenous waste called urea, and some salt.
Helps cool the body through evaporation.
Apocrine Sweat Gland
Delivers sweat through duct leading to a hair follicle. Typically associated with axillary, pubic, and beard hair. Begin to produce sweat at puberty.
Lipid-rich sweat that bacteria feed on. Body odor is caused by waste from bacteria feeding on the sweat.
Serves as scent to influence the behavior of others.
Ceruminous Gland
Modified sweat gland found only in the ear canal.
Cerumen (earwax)
Keeps eardrum flexible, waterproofs ear canal, kills bacteria, and protects canal from foreign debris.
Mammary Gland
Modified sweat gland found in the breast. Begin to develop at puberty and fully develop during pregnancy. Deliver their products to ducts that end at the nipple.
Breast milk, which is composed of water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and minerals.
Nourishes and infant.
Arrector Pili Muscle
Smooth muscle that attaches the hair follicle’s base to the epidermis at an angle. When it contracts, it pulls on the hair follicle’s base making the hair stand upright (goosebumps)
Lanugo
Hair, which is very fine and unpigmented (colorless), forms on a fetus during the last 3 months of its development. This hair is usually replaced by birth.
Vellus Hair
Hair, which is also unpigmented and very fine, replaces lanugo hair around the time of birth. An example of vellus hair is the body hair on most women and children.
Terminal Hair
Hair, which is thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented, forms the eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair on the scalp. At puberty, terminal hair forms in the axillary and pubic regions of both sexes. It also forms on the face and possibly on the trunk and limbs of men
Onychomycosis
(Tinea Unguium)
Fungal infections of the nails. Causes nails to thicken and become discolored. Often affects older people due to reduced blood flow and slower-growing nails. Usually treated by oral antifungal drugs, medicated nail polish, or an antifungal nail cream. Common for repeat infection to occur.
Skin Biopsy
The removal of a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from a body so that it can be analyzed in a laboratory
Skin Scraping
The taking of skin cell scrapings so that the cells can be viewed under a microscope
Wood’s Light
The use of a black light to view pigment changes in the skin
Acne
Inflammation of sebaceous glands caused by oil, excess cells, and bacteria found on the skin
Alopecia
Baldness of excessive loss of hair
Burns
Damage to tissues caused by heat, chemicals, sunlight, radiation, or electricity
Cellulitits
An infection of the skin’s dermis or hypodermis, which is frequently caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria
Decubitus Ulcers
Areas of necrotic or ulcerated tissue caused by the pressure of a bony prominence in the body and another surface
Dermititis
Inflammation of the skin
Herpes
Viral infections of the skin, including he oral and genital areas
Hives
A reaction of the skin that can be caused by insect bites or by contact with substances that cause an allergic reaction, such as certain foods or drugs
Impetigo
An infectious disease of the skin caused by the Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteris
Psoriasis
Skin condition of the nails and epidermis characterized by an overgrowth of skin cells and improper keratinization
Scabies
An infection of the skin caused by an infestation of mites
Scleroderma
Increased collagen production in the skin and organs
Skin Cancer
Cancerous growths on the skin most commonly associated with sun exposure. The three types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma.
Tinea Infections
Fungal infections of the skin
Warts
Growths caused by an infection of the skin produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV)
Regeneration
Wound healing with the same tissue that was damaged; normal function is returned
Fibrosis
Wound healing with scar tissue; normal function is not returned
1st Degree Burns
Most common burns. i.e. sunburns. Involve only the epidermis. Symptoms are redness, pain, and swelling. New epidermis will ne made by the stratum basale.
2nd Degree Burn
AKA partial thickness burns, involve epidermis and dermis. Symptoms are redness, pain, swelling, and blisters.
3rd Degree Burn
AKA full thickness burns, most serious burns. Involve epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Symptoms are charring and no pain at site because nerve endings of dermis have been destroyed. Pain at 2nd and 1st degree burns that typically surround it. Skin grafting may be necessary if burn is too large.
