Chapter 8 Flashcards
meaning of end of Gettysburg Address
connection to Dec. of Independence & democracy
total war strategy
burn homes, barns, crops–make life miserable
Gettysburg/Vicksburg timeline
-siege of Vicksburg
-Union wins at Gettysburg
-Union gains control of Mississippi River
-Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Address
Emancipation Proclamation actual effects
no slaves freed b/c didn’t affect Union territory–only valid in Confederacy where they didn’t care what Lincoln said
reason for expanded Confederate draft
rising death toll-needed more soldiers
Missouri Compromise states
Maine in as free state
Missouri in as slave state
initial advantages of Confederates
-defending way of life
-fighting on home territory
initial advantages of Union
-larger population
-more manufacturing
-more railroads for transport of troops and supplies
significance of Vicksburg
located on Mississippi River
complaints about Kansas-Nebraska Act
went against Missouri Compromise promise to keep slavery out of the territories
women’s contribution during war
-nurses
-kept farms and businesses going
Lincoln’s election oddity
did not appear on ballots in most southern states
suspension of habeas corpus reasoning
draft riots were example of rebellion that threatened public safety
reason for surrender at Appomattox
Confederates no longer able to fight effectively
why battles fought in certain places
battles close to Union territory & close to assets like rivers
Lincoln’s views on slavery during debates
no slavery in territories–WILMOT PROVISO
popular sovereignty & western territories
let people decide–specifically let them decide to have slavery or not
John Brown sentencing
stoic–knew his actions would bring attention to the abolitionist movement
problems w/Confederate military (GA)
only officers from GA could lead soldiers from GA–problems w/organization of military in Confederacy
conditions for Confederate soldiers
little food, clothing, supplies–terrible living conditions
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
-forced citizens in the North to help catch runaway slaves
-fines/jail time if helping escaped slaves
-special courts set up to handle runaway cases–paid judges more money for sending people back to slavery
Explain how Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” supported the abolitionist movement AND the reaction the book stirred.
-book described horrors/evils of slavery through a fictional story
-abolitionists loved it “See what we’ve been saying!”
-Northerners who weren’t already abolitionists learned/believed about evils of slavery “Wow, I didn’t realize it was that bad.”
-Northerners felt compelled to act to end slavery after reading novel
-Southerners HATED it “No, it’s not really like that. We aren’t all that bad.”
-novel celebrated in the North and banned in the South
What impact did the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case have on life in the United States?
-Dred Scott (enslaved) moved to IL and WI territory (free) with owner
-owner dies & Scott claims he should be free since he lived in free territories
-court case starts in St. Louis but makes it all the way to the Supreme Court
-Court says that as a slave Scott is not a citizen and cannot bring a case to court
-Congress doesn’t have the right to prohibit slavery in the territories, so there is nowhere in the U.S. that would guarantee freedom for slaves
-abolitionists used decision to show how wrong slavery was
-increased tension between the North and South
How did the 1860 election reflect the growing sectional differences in the United States?
-Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln doesn’t even appear on the ballot in many southern states.
-Democrats have 4 candidates. Each one represents different sectional ideas about slavery.
-Many different views about slavery led to splintered parties rather than compromises.
Compare the leadership roles of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis.
Lincoln
-on paper–not likely to be a good leader
-self-taught lawyer with little govt. experience and virtually no military experience
-real life–excellent leader
-listened to advisors
-could take criticism without getting upset
-sense of humor and got along well with others
Davis
-on paper–likely to be a good leader
-military and war experience, govt. experience
-real life–not an effective leader
-constantly second guessed or argued with advisors/generals
-would prefer to fight rather than govern–didn’t want to be elected to lead Confederacy
