Chapter 8

Question 1

meaning of end of Gettysburg Address

Answer 1

connection to Dec. of Independence & democracy

Question 2

total war strategy

Answer 2

burn homes, barns, crops–make life miserable

Question 3

Gettysburg/Vicksburg timeline

Answer 3

-siege of Vicksburg
-Union wins at Gettysburg
-Union gains control of Mississippi River
-Lincoln delivers Gettysburg Address

Question 4

Emancipation Proclamation actual effects

Answer 4

no slaves freed b/c didn’t affect Union territory–only valid in Confederacy where they didn’t care what Lincoln said

Question 5

reason for expanded Confederate draft

Answer 5

rising death toll-needed more soldiers

Question 6

Missouri Compromise states

Answer 6

Maine in as free state
Missouri in as slave state

Question 7

initial advantages of Confederates

Answer 7

-defending way of life
-fighting on home territory

Question 8

initial advantages of Union

Answer 8

-larger population
-more manufacturing
-more railroads for transport of troops and supplies

Question 9

significance of Vicksburg

Answer 9

located on Mississippi River

Question 10

complaints about Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 10

went against Missouri Compromise promise to keep slavery out of the territories

Question 11

women’s contribution during war

Answer 11

-nurses
-kept farms and businesses going

Question 12

Lincoln’s election oddity

Answer 12

did not appear on ballots in most southern states

Question 13

suspension of habeas corpus reasoning

Answer 13

draft riots were example of rebellion that threatened public safety

Question 14

reason for surrender at Appomattox

Answer 14

Confederates no longer able to fight effectively

Question 15

why battles fought in certain places

Answer 15

battles close to Union territory & close to assets like rivers

Question 16

Lincoln’s views on slavery during debates

Answer 16

no slavery in territories–WILMOT PROVISO

Question 17

popular sovereignty & western territories

Answer 17

let people decide–specifically let them decide to have slavery or not

Question 18

John Brown sentencing

Answer 18

stoic–knew his actions would bring attention to the abolitionist movement

Question 19

problems w/Confederate military (GA)

Answer 19

only officers from GA could lead soldiers from GA–problems w/organization of military in Confederacy

Question 20

conditions for Confederate soldiers

Answer 20

little food, clothing, supplies–terrible living conditions

Question 21

Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

Answer 21

-forced citizens in the North to help catch runaway slaves
-fines/jail time if helping escaped slaves
-special courts set up to handle runaway cases–paid judges more money for sending people back to slavery

Question 22

Explain how Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” supported the abolitionist movement AND the reaction the book stirred.

Answer 22

-book described horrors/evils of slavery through a fictional story
-abolitionists loved it “See what we’ve been saying!”
-Northerners who weren’t already abolitionists learned/believed about evils of slavery “Wow, I didn’t realize it was that bad.”
-Northerners felt compelled to act to end slavery after reading novel

-Southerners HATED it “No, it’s not really like that. We aren’t all that bad.”
-novel celebrated in the North and banned in the South

Question 23

What impact did the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case have on life in the United States?

Answer 23

-Dred Scott (enslaved) moved to IL and WI territory (free) with owner
-owner dies & Scott claims he should be free since he lived in free territories
-court case starts in St. Louis but makes it all the way to the Supreme Court
-Court says that as a slave Scott is not a citizen and cannot bring a case to court
-Congress doesn’t have the right to prohibit slavery in the territories, so there is nowhere in the U.S. that would guarantee freedom for slaves
-abolitionists used decision to show how wrong slavery was
-increased tension between the North and South

Question 24

How did the 1860 election reflect the growing sectional differences in the United States?

Answer 24

-Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln doesn’t even appear on the ballot in many southern states.
-Democrats have 4 candidates. Each one represents different sectional ideas about slavery.
-Many different views about slavery led to splintered parties rather than compromises.

Question 25

Compare the leadership roles of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis.

Answer 25

Lincoln
-on paper–not likely to be a good leader
-self-taught lawyer with little govt. experience and virtually no military experience
-real life–excellent leader
-listened to advisors
-could take criticism without getting upset
-sense of humor and got along well with others

Davis
-on paper–likely to be a good leader
-military and war experience, govt. experience
-real life–not an effective leader
-constantly second guessed or argued with advisors/generals
-would prefer to fight rather than govern–didn’t want to be elected to lead Confederacy