Chapter 1

Question 1

ways American Indians modified environment

Answer 1

irrigation; dams & tanks for water storage; terraced farming; homes built into cliffs

Question 2

reasons for Renaissance

Answer 2

increased travel & trade by Europeans

Question 3

spread of Islam

Answer 3

rapidly spread to North Africa, Spain & Portugal, Persia, India, Southeast Asia

Question 4

Viking voyages

Answer 4

left written records & artifacts as proof of visits

Question 5

Iroquois League influence

Answer 5

democratic system & uniting together influenced Ben Franklin

Question 6

Columbian Exchange effects

Answer 6

forests & grasslands changed to pastures; new food sources for all; animals introduced; disease spreads

Question 7

cultural diffusion

Answer 7

spreading of ideas & skills like farming to a new group of people

Question 8

American Indian beliefs/ceremonies

Answer 8

close ties to nature; belief in powerful, unseen spirits that could help or harm; ceremonies to ask for good harvest

Question 9

astrolabe use

Answer 9

helped sailors determine latitude; navigation

Question 10

Spanish land claims

Answer 10

controversial b/c American Indians already lived there and used the land

Question 11

Olmec civilization

Answer 11

had a surplus of food & could feed more people; population increases, government develops, etc.

Question 12

China vs. others

Answer 12

isolated geographically & politically (no desire to interact with outside world)

Question 13

ways American Indians adapted to environment

Answer 13

Inuit-dress warmly, use seal oil for lamps
Southwest-irrigation; conserve water

Question 14

significance of Magellan’s voyage

Answer 14

could reach Asia by sailing west; all-water route to Asia

Question 15

Islam’s effect on trade

Answer 15

Arabic language spread to new places; trade routes increased as people made pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 16

Zheng He & trade

Answer 16

huge fleet of ships; expanded Chinese trade; goods/inventions influenced others

Question 17

significance of glaciers

Answer 17

lowered sea levels & created land bridge that allowed humans to travel from Asia to Americas

Question 18

Short Answer 1
Explain how the Inca were able to unify their vast empire throughout portions of South America.

Answer 18

-modify environment to enable transportation
-rope bridges, carved paths into mountains
-had over 10,000 miles of territory connected
-used routes for communication, trade, government

Question 19

Short Answer 2
Discuss the role of the sun god in Aztec culture.

Answer 19

-worshipped many gods
-believed sun’s daily journey across sky was a battle (like the warring Aztecs)
-considered themselves “warriors of the sun”
-made human sacrifices to the sun god
-believed sun would not rise without sacrifices

Question 20

Short Answer 3
What effect did the Crusades have on European cultures?

Answer 20

-encouraged many Europeans to travel & fight
-Europeans made contact w/many other civilizations
-brought items home to Europe & demand increased for fruit, spices, rugs, silks, etc.
-increased trade with Middle East
-new sailing skills & instruments (compass, astrolabe) led to increased exploration

Question 21

Short Answer 4
How did American Indians view European explorations?

Answer 21

-maybe excited at first b/c new ideas & new trade partners
-came to resent Europeans for taking land, stealing gold, & forcing them to work under harsh conditions
-blamed Europeans for rising death toll due to disease

Question 22

Short Answer 5
What were some of the positive & negative consequences of the Columbian Exchange in North America?

Answer 22

Positive
-new plants & animals to N. America like bananas, oranges, lemons, figs, pigs, horses, chickens
-new resources & skills like horses (riding & work)

Negative
-domesticated animals led to destruction of forests & grasslands for pasture
-disease introduced; killed millions