Chapter 2 Flashcards
Short Answer:
Structure of Triangular Trade
-three trade routes that made a triangle
-crossed Atlantic Ocean
-New England/Middle Colonies–rum, guns, tools, cloth
-West Africa–enslaved people
-West Indies–molasses
-in each region, merchants bought items in demand in other regions
-all 3 regions required b/c each had something needed
-profit was main concern; Middle Passage especially harsh
Short Answer:
Why Cortes & soldiers were able to defeat Aztec
-Aztec didn’t attack Spanish b/c thought might be “white-skinned god”
-Aztec frightened of horses and Spanish weapons/armor
-Spanish got support from Aztec neighbors who resented Aztec rule/sacrificing prisoners of war
-disease would’ve been enough to wipe out Aztec
Short Answer:
Puritans & self-government
-town meetings were common in Puritan communities
-discuss & vote on issues important to the town
-voted on new ministers, roads, etc.
-used to making own decisions for the town, so began to question being ruled by people across an ocean
Short Answer:
War w/Wampanoag
-English settlers kept taking Wampanoag land
-Metacom/King Phillip & allies fought settlers for a year
-Metacom killed & others sold into slavery
-thought entire way of life was threatened by spread of English settlements (more than just losing land)
-English counterattacks led to war
Short Answer:
Great Awakening
Characteristics
-sermons that spoke of beauty of God as well as ANGRY WRATH if people did not follow Bible’s teachings
Effects
-appealed to people from different colonies (wasn’t just in one particular religions)
-led to colonists wanting self-rule
-if they could decide how to worship God & run churches, then they should be able to run govt. as well
-encouraged a spirit of independence
what made Pennsylvania different
tried to attract people of different ethnicities
transportation of newly enslaved Africans
overcrowded ships; people shackled together; disease; filth
Thomas Hooker’s beliefs about govt.
strict limits needed; settled Hartford & set up representative govt. b/c felt gov. had too much power
significance of Puritan Bible study
New England parents taught children to read so they could study the Bible
why Dutch colony in North America
settlements where traders could be based
Glorious Revolution
King John out–William & Mary in as rulers
English Bill of Rights
William & Mary agreed to Bill of Rights to protect individuals from govt. actions
economy of New England & Middle Colonies
both exported (sold) food products; shipping in New England; some enslaved workers in Middle Colonies
Maryland Act of Toleration
protect freedom of worship for Catholics
purpose of training American Indians to live in a “European colonial society”
separate Indians from old ways; make it easier to govern Indians; less resistance if making them like Europeans
Quaker beliefs
all people equal in God’s eyes; pacifists
Tidewater characteristics
communities near rivers & creeks; flat, fertile land; enslaved workers
BACKCOUNTRY-smaller farms, fewer enslaved workers, hilly land at base of mountains
headright system effect on slavery
people=land; so buy more enslaved workers to get more land; land=money
cause of increased need for slaves in Southern Colonies
large plantations needed more workers for field labor
Southern Colonists wealthier than those to the north because…
relied on cheap/free labor from enslaved workers
social status depends on…?
family background & wealth
Africans replaced Am. Indians as workers because…?
Africans less likely to die from European diseases
why Jamestown location chosen
on water but sheltered from larger bodies of water; safe from Spanish ships on ocean
significance of House of Burgesses
first instance of limited self-govt in English colonies; first legislature
reasons Georgia established
buffer zone between Spanish Florida & British colonies; refuge for debtors & other poor people
