Chapter 2

Question 1

Short Answer:
Structure of Triangular Trade

Answer 1

-three trade routes that made a triangle
-crossed Atlantic Ocean
-New England/Middle Colonies–rum, guns, tools, cloth
-West Africa–enslaved people
-West Indies–molasses
-in each region, merchants bought items in demand in other regions
-all 3 regions required b/c each had something needed
-profit was main concern; Middle Passage especially harsh

Question 2

Short Answer:
Why Cortes & soldiers were able to defeat Aztec

Answer 2

-Aztec didn’t attack Spanish b/c thought might be “white-skinned god”
-Aztec frightened of horses and Spanish weapons/armor
-Spanish got support from Aztec neighbors who resented Aztec rule/sacrificing prisoners of war
-disease would’ve been enough to wipe out Aztec

Question 3

Short Answer:
Puritans & self-government

Answer 3

-town meetings were common in Puritan communities
-discuss & vote on issues important to the town
-voted on new ministers, roads, etc.
-used to making own decisions for the town, so began to question being ruled by people across an ocean

Question 4

Short Answer:
War w/Wampanoag

Answer 4

-English settlers kept taking Wampanoag land
-Metacom/King Phillip & allies fought settlers for a year
-Metacom killed & others sold into slavery
-thought entire way of life was threatened by spread of English settlements (more than just losing land)
-English counterattacks led to war

Question 5

Short Answer:
Great Awakening

Answer 5

Characteristics
-sermons that spoke of beauty of God as well as ANGRY WRATH if people did not follow Bible’s teachings

Effects
-appealed to people from different colonies (wasn’t just in one particular religions)
-led to colonists wanting self-rule
-if they could decide how to worship God & run churches, then they should be able to run govt. as well
-encouraged a spirit of independence

Question 6

what made Pennsylvania different

Answer 6

tried to attract people of different ethnicities

Question 7

transportation of newly enslaved Africans

Answer 7

overcrowded ships; people shackled together; disease; filth

Question 8

Thomas Hooker’s beliefs about govt.

Answer 8

strict limits needed; settled Hartford & set up representative govt. b/c felt gov. had too much power

Question 9

significance of Puritan Bible study

Answer 9

New England parents taught children to read so they could study the Bible

Question 10

why Dutch colony in North America

Answer 10

settlements where traders could be based

Question 11

Glorious Revolution

Answer 11

King John out–William & Mary in as rulers

Question 12

English Bill of Rights

Answer 12

William & Mary agreed to Bill of Rights to protect individuals from govt. actions

Question 13

economy of New England & Middle Colonies

Answer 13

both exported (sold) food products; shipping in New England; some enslaved workers in Middle Colonies

Question 14

Maryland Act of Toleration

Answer 14

protect freedom of worship for Catholics

Question 15

purpose of training American Indians to live in a “European colonial society”

Answer 15

separate Indians from old ways; make it easier to govern Indians; less resistance if making them like Europeans

Question 16

Quaker beliefs

Answer 16

all people equal in God’s eyes; pacifists

Question 17

Tidewater characteristics

Answer 17

communities near rivers & creeks; flat, fertile land; enslaved workers
BACKCOUNTRY-smaller farms, fewer enslaved workers, hilly land at base of mountains

Question 18

headright system effect on slavery

Answer 18

people=land; so buy more enslaved workers to get more land; land=money

Question 19

cause of increased need for slaves in Southern Colonies

Answer 19

large plantations needed more workers for field labor

Question 20

Southern Colonists wealthier than those to the north because…

Answer 20

relied on cheap/free labor from enslaved workers

Question 21

social status depends on…?

Answer 21

family background & wealth

Question 22

Africans replaced Am. Indians as workers because…?

Answer 22

Africans less likely to die from European diseases

Question 23

why Jamestown location chosen

Answer 23

on water but sheltered from larger bodies of water; safe from Spanish ships on ocean

Question 24

significance of House of Burgesses

Answer 24

first instance of limited self-govt in English colonies; first legislature

Question 25

reasons Georgia established

Answer 25

buffer zone between Spanish Florida & British colonies; refuge for debtors & other poor people