Chapter 8 Flashcards
When receptors in the stomach stretch and hormones like cholecystokinin become active, a person starts to feel full. It tell us to “stop eating” and it determines How much food is consumed during one meal.
Satiation
Suppress hunger and allows a person to eat again for a while. Reminds us to “not start eating again.”
Satiety
It is a deep structure within the brain that is linked to the endocrine system and nervous system and maintains homeostasis. The need for food is triggered by nerve signals and chemical messengers in the hypothalamus.
Hypothalamus
Basal metabolism is the energy needed to maintain life at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest. Basal metabolic rate is the rate of energy use for metabolism under specific conditions after a 12-hour fast and restful sleep. It is usually expressed as kcalories per kilogram of body weight per hour.
Basal metabolism/BMR
Voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles and their support systems; the muscle needs the energy to move, and the heart and lungs need the energy to provide and deliver nutrients and oxygen and dispose of waste.
Physical activity
It estimates the energy required to process food (digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store ingested nutrients).
Thermic effect of food
The generation of heat and used as an index of how much energy the body is expending.
Thermogenesis
Changes that the body makes in its energy expenditure due to environmental effects like extreme cold, overfeeding, trauma, and changes in hormone status.
Adaptive thermogenesis
Fat stored in the abdominal cavity that covers the internal abdominal organs.
Visceral fat
Is excess fat in locations other than adipose tissue like the liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and pancreas.
Ectopic fat
Fat stored directly under the skin.
Subcutaneous fat
An eating disorder that is caused by the refusal to maintain normal body weight due to perception of body shape and weight.
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder that is caused by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, fasting, misuse of laxatives, etc.
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder caused by recurring episodes of eating a significant amount of food in a short period of time with marked feelings or lack of control.
Binge eating disorder
Generally, how many calories in excess of needs would contribute to one pound of fat?
According to the 3500-rule, 3500 calories is approximately 1 pound.