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Intro Nutrition > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Breaks down foods into nutrients that can be absorbed.

A

Digestion

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2
Q

The transportation of nutrients in the small intestine to the blood or lymph.

A

Absorption

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3
Q

Also known as the Gastrointestinal Tract and is a muscular tube that goes through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, and anus.

A

GI Tract

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4
Q

The space within a vessel in the GI Tract. Located in the large and small intestine.

A

Lumen

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5
Q

Food that has been chewed, mixed with saliva, and swallowed.

A

Bolus

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6
Q

A semiliquid that comes from bolus mixed with digestive juices.

A

Chyme

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7
Q

Is when the outer longitudinal muscles contracts to move chyme forward. It also helps moves bolus down the esophagus.

A

Peristalsis

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8
Q

The process when the inner muscles contract and relax and mix chyme with digestive juices.

A

Segmentation

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9
Q

Measures a substance’s acidity or alkalinity and shows if they are acid, neutral, or base. Ex. Water has a pH of 7, so it’s neutral.

A

pH

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10
Q

A protein that is used for a chemical reaction. Ex. Gastric lipase.

A

Enzyme

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11
Q

Also known as Gastroesophageal Reflux, is a painful sensation a person feels in the breastbone due to the lower esophageal sphincter allowing stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus.

A

Heartburn

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12
Q

Fingerlike projections inside the intestines.

A

Villi

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13
Q

Hundreds of cells covered in microscopic hairs.

A

Microvilli

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14
Q

Intestinal juices that are secreted in the small intestine.

A

Crypt

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15
Q

A system made of vessels in which the blood flows in the body and deliver needed materials.

A

Vascular System

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16
Q

A system that collects fluids and send it to the heart.

A

Lymphatic System

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17
Q

Microbes in the GI Tract. Ex. Bacteria, virus, fungi, etc.

A

GI Microbiota

18
Q

Fibers that are not used by the body but is used by the GI bacteria to promote growth.

A

Prebiotic

19
Q

Living microorganisms that are found in food that benefit health. Ex. Yogurt.

A

Probiotic

20
Q

The process in which the body tries to maintain balance and stability.

A

Homeostasis

21
Q

Is functioned by many glands to send messages to tissues and organs to maintain homeostasis.

A

Hormones

22
Q

A hormone that is in the stomach wall that secretes stomach glands.

A

Gastrin

23
Q

The process of releasing bicarbonate-rich juices in the pancreas.

A

Secretin

24
Q

The process of releasing bile, donating bicarbonate and enzymes, and secreting the pancreas juices.

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

25
Q

When a person has infrequent bowel movements. (Fewer than three per week).

A

Constipation

26
Q

Waste that is released from the colon. Also known as poop.

A

Stool

27
Q

The target organ is the mouth and it secretes saliva. The action is fluid eases swallowing; salivary enzyme breaks down some carbohydrate.

A

Salivary Glands

28
Q

Target organ is the stomach and it secretes Gastric juices. The action is fluid mixes with bolus; hydrochloric acid uncoils proteins; enzymes break down proteins; mucus protects stomach cells.

A

Gastric Glands

29
Q

Target organ is the small intestine and it secretes pancreatic juices. The action is bicarbonate neutralizes acidic gastric juices; pancreas enzymes break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

A

Pancreas

30
Q

Target organ is the gallbladder and secretes bile. The action is bile is stored until needed.

A

Liver

31
Q

Target organ is the small intestine and it secretes intestinal juices. The action is intestinal enzymes break down carbohydrates, fat, and protein fragments; mucus protects the intestinal wall.

A

Intestinal Glands

32
Q

Water-soluble nutrients and small fat products goes through facilitated transport through the?

A

Vascular System

33
Q

Large soluble vitamins and large fat products goes through?

A

Lymphatic System

34
Q

It responds to food in the stomach, secreted from the stomach wall, and stimulate stomach glands. The response is hydrochloric acid secreted into the stomach to maintain an acidic pH.

A

Gastrin

35
Q

Responds to acidic chyme in the small intestine, secreted in duodenum wall, and stimulates the pancreas. The response is bicarbonate-rich juices secreted into the small intestine to maintain a slightly alkaline pH.

A

Secretin

36
Q

Responds to fat or protein in the small intestine, secreted from the intestinal wall, stimulates the gallbladder and pancreas. The response is Bile secreted into the duodenum to emulsify fats
Bicarbonate and enzyme-rich juices secreted into the small intestine to maintain a slightly alkaline pH, digest fats and proteins, and slow GI tract motility

A

Cholecystokinin

37
Q

Water and small lipids cross the intestinal cells through?

A

Simple Diffusion

38
Q

Water soluble vitamins needs a specific carrier to get transported.

A

Facilitated Transport

39
Q

Glucose and amino acids are absorbed actively and requires energy to move against a concentration gradient.

A

Active Transport

40
Q

Explain how bacteria, hormones and nerves influence health and digestion.

A

They promote digestion and absorption break down foods into nutrients for the body’s use. TO function optimally, a healthy GI tract needs a balanced diet, adequate rest, and regular physical activity.

41
Q

Define celiac disease and tell which dietary component needs to be restricted in celiac disease.

A

Celiac disease is an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.

Dietary components to be restricted: Wheat starch, wheat bran, wheat germ, cracked wheat, and hydrolyzed wheat protein

42
Q

Define GERD and how diet should be modified for a patient with GERD.

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Diet that should be modified: Limit high fat foods such as fried foods, potato chips, etc. Ensure adequate protein intake, limit chocolate and coffee. Also avoid or lint alcohol, citrus fruits or tomatoes.

Intro Nutrition (12 decks)

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