Chapter 6 Flashcards
Are the building blocks of proteins and are organic compounds that is composed of hydrogen, carbon, an amino group (NH3) and an acid group (COOH).
Amino Acid
Amino acids that the body can not make and must be obtained through diet. Ex. Histidine and Leucine.
Essential amino acid
Also known as dispensable amino acid are amino acids that the body can make. Ex. Alanine and Glutamic.
Non essential amino acid
An amino acid that is normally essential but must be obtained through diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to make it.
Conditionally essential amino acid
A bond that connects the acid end of one amino acid to the amino end of the other one to form a protein chain.
Peptide bond
When proteins are subjected to heat, acid, or other conditions that disturb or destroy their stability. Proteins uncoils and lose their shape and eventually lose their ability to function. Proteins are denatured during digestion when they are exposed to hydrochloric acid (stomach acid).
Denaturation
Is an enzyme that breaks down proteins and hydrolyzes polypeptides.
Protease
A protein that is used for a chemical reaction. Ex. Peptidase
Enzyme
When broken down, amino acids mix with amino acids from diet in the cells and circulating blood.
Amino acid pool (including “location”)
The process where amino groups are removed from amino acids and transferred to keto-acids.
Transamination
The process of producing ammonia (NH3) a toxic compound during protein/amino metabolism.
Deamination
Is when an essential amino acid supplied is less than the amount needed for protein synthesis.
Limiting amino acid
How many grams does an ounce of most protein foods deliver?
7 grams of protein
A person who regularly consumes a high-protein diet
Should drink plenty of water to dilute and excrete urea from the body.
Is elevated in individuals with heart disease.
Homocysteine