Chapter 8

Question 1

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder criteria

Answer 1

1. Derealization: experiences of unreality of surroundings
2. Depersonalization: Experiences of detachment from ones mental processes or body
3. Symptoms are persistent or recurrent.
4. Reality testing remains intact
5. Symptoms not explained by other disorders/substances

Question 2

Dissociative amnesia criteria

Answer 2

1. Inability to remember important autobiographical information, usually of traumatic or stressful nature.
2. Not explained by anything else
3. Subtype fugue: Bewildered wandering, sometimes starting new social life

Question 3

Dissociative Identity Disorder criteria

Answer 3

1. Disruption of identity with two or more distinct personality states, or alters
2. Gaps in memory for events or personal information beyond ordinary forgetting
3. Not due to cultural or religious practice
4. Not due to drugs

Question 4

Etiology of DID

Answer 4

1. Post traumatic model: Use of dissociation to cope with trauma
2. Sociocognitive model: alters appear in response to suggestions made by the therapist (iatrogenic) or media influences.

Question 5

Treatment of DID

Answer 5

1. Patient should be convinced that splitting into alters is not necessary to cope with trauma.
2. Psychodynamic therapy

Question 6

Criticisms for diagnostic process Somatic disorders

Answer 6

1. Symptoms are too varied
2. Criteria are too subjective
3. Patients think diagnosis stigmatizes too much

Question 7

Criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 7

1. At least one somatic symptom that distresses
2. Excessive thought and distress related to symptom
3. At least 6 months
4. Specify if predominantly pain

Question 8

Criteria for Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 8

1. High levels of anxiety related to getting very ill
2. Excessive illness behaviors or avoidance
3. No more than mild somatic symptoms
4. Not explained by other disorders
5. At least 6 months

Question 9

Criteria for Conversion Disorder

Answer 9

1. One or more symptoms affection voluntary motor or sensory function
2. Symptoms cannot be explained by medical condition
3. Symptoms cause significant distress

Question 10

Criteria Factitious Disorder

Answer 10

1. Fabrication of physical symptoms
2. Deceptive behaviour in absence of external rewards
3. Distinction between factitious disorder imposed on self and on other

Question 11

Malingering

Answer 11

Actually faking symptoms for rewards

Question 12

Heritability for Somatic Symptom Disorders

Answer 12

Heritability is not a factor for these disorders

Question 13

Brain areas involved with somatic symptoms

Answer 13

1. Anterior insula
2. Anterior cingulate cortex
3. Somatosensory cortex

Question 14

Cognitive behavioural models on somatic symptoms disorders

Answer 14

1. Automatic focus on hints of physical health
2. Avoidance behaviors can intensify symptoms
3. Attention and sympathy reinforce behavior

Question 15

Etiology of Conversion Disorder

Answer 15

1. Unconscious psychological conflict (psychodynamic)

2. More common in rural areas and low SES (sociocultural)