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1390-59 Intro to Pharmacology > Chapter 8-10 > Flashcards

Chapter 8-10 Flashcards

1
Q

Ganglionic Blocker

A

drug that blocks the nicotinic-neural (Nn) receptors and reduces the activity of the autonomic nervous systems

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2
Q

Ganglionic Stimulant

A

drug that stimulates the nicotinic-neural (Nn) receptors to increase autonomic nervous system activity

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3
Q

Nicotine

A

alkaloid drug in tobacco that stimulates ganglionic receptors

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4
Q

Nicotinic- neural (Nn) receptor

A

cholinergic receptor at the autonomic ganglia

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5
Q

Biologic drug

A

a substance made from a living organism or its products used to prevent or treat disease

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6
Q

blepharospasm

A

involuntary blinking or spasm of the eyelid

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7
Q

botulism

A

a life threatening illness caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum

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8
Q

centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant

A

drug that inhibits skeletal muscle contraction by blocking contraction within the spinal cord

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9
Q

depolarizing blocker

A

produces paralysis by first causing nerve transmission, followed by inhibition of nerve transmission

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10
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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11
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty speaking due to a physical disorder with the mouth, tongue, throat, or vocal cords

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12
Q

dystonia

A

movement disorder in which muscles contract and spasm involuntarily

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13
Q

fasciculation

A

twitching of muscle fiber groups

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14
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

a condition of excessive sweating

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15
Q

hyperthermia

A

abnormally high body temperature

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16
Q

incompatibility

A

undesirable interaction of drugs not suitable for combination or administration together

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17
Q

intrathecal

A

space around the brain and spinal cord that contains the cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

condition in susceptible individuals resulting in a life-threatening elevation in body temperature

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19
Q

myofilaments

A

minute fibers located throughout the cytoplasm of cells, composed of the protein actin, that maintain the structural integrity of a cell

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20
Q

mitochondria

A

normal structures responsible for energy production in cells

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21
Q

myelin

A

the fatty substance that covers and protects nerves and allows efficient conduction of action potentials down the axon

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22
Q

neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

A

area where the motor neuron axon terminal meets the muscle tissue

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23
Q

neurotoxin

A

a substance that is destructive to nerve tissue

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24
Q

nicotinic-muscle (Nm) receptor

A

cholinergic receptor located at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

25
Q

nondepoloraizing blocker

A

produces paralysis by inhibiting nerve transmission

26
Q

peripheral skeletal muscle relaxant

A

drug that inhibits muscle contraction at the neuromusular junction or within the contractile process

27
Q

potentiates

A

produces an action that is greater than either of the components can produce alone; synergy

28
Q

sarcolemma

A

a thin membrane enclosing a striated (skeletal) muscle fiber

29
Q

sarcoplasm

A

the cytoplasm of a striated(skeletal) muscle fiber

30
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

specialized organelle in the muscle cell that released calcium ions during muscle contraction and absorbs calcium ions during relaxation

31
Q

schwann cell

A

any cell that covers the axons in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath

32
Q

spasmolytics

A

drugs that relieve, interrupt, or prevent muscle spasm (intermittent muscle contractions often associated with pain)

33
Q

spread effect

A

condition in which the intramuscularly injected substance moves out of the area of administration and produces an effect on other tissues

34
Q

strabismus

A

conditon in which the eyes are not aligned and point in different directions (cross- eyed)

35
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space (synapse)between a motor nerve ending and a skeletal muscle membrane that contains acetylcholine (ACH) receptors

36
Q

synaptic knob

A

contains vesicles that store and release neurotransmitters

37
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

a small membrane-bound structure in the axon terminals of nerve cells that contains neurotransmitters and releases them when an action potential reaches the terminal

38
Q

vagolytic action

A

inhibition of the vagus nerve to the heart causing the heart rate to increase (counteraction to vagal tone that causes bradycardia)

39
Q

vasodilator

A

substance that relaxes the muscle (schincters)controlling blood vessels, leading to increased blood flow

40
Q

amide local anesthetic

A

anesthetic class that includes lidocaine, bupivicaine, and mepivicaine and has a moderate to long duration of action because metabolism occurs in the liver

41
Q

cardiac arrhythmia

A

variation in the normal rhythm (motion) of the heart

42
Q

caudal anesthesia

A

injection of a local anesthetic into the caudal or subcaudal spinal canal

43
Q

cryoanesthesia

A

removing the sensation of touch or pain by applying extreme cold to the nerve endings

44
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

injection of a local anesthetic into the extradural (the outermost part of the spinal canal) space

45
Q

ester local anesthetic

A

anesthetic class that includes procaine, cocaine, benzocaine, and tetracaine: metabolism is primarily by plasma cholinesterases

46
Q

general anesthetic

A

drug that abolishes the response to pain by depressing the central nervous system (CNS) and producing loss of consciousness

47
Q

hypersensitivity

A

exaggerated response such as a rash, edema,or anaphylaxis that develops following exposure to certain drugs or chemicals

48
Q

infiltration anesthesia

A

injection of a local anesthetic directly into the tissue

49
Q

intradermal anesthesia

A

injection of a local anesthetic into the part of the skin called the dermis

50
Q

local anesthetic

A

drug that reduces response to pain by affecting nerve conduction. the action can be limited to an area of the body according to the site of administration

51
Q

nerve conduction

A

transfer of impulses along a nerve by the movement of sodium and potassium ions

52
Q

regional nerve block

A

also called nerve block; the injection of a local anesthetic near the nerve root

53
Q

spinal anesthesia

A

injection of a local anesthetic into the subarahonoid space

54
Q

topical application

A

placing a drug on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane

ex- mouth / rectum

55
Q

vasoconstriction

A

tightening or contraction of muscle (schincters) in the blood vessels, which decreases blood flow through the vessels

56
Q

vasodilation

A

relaxation of the muscles (sphincters) controlling blood vessel tone, which increases blood flow through the vessels

57
Q

Ester =

A

short

58
Q

Amide=

A

long (liver)

59
Q

Epinephrine combined with Anesthetic does what?

A

works longer

1390-59 Intro to Pharmacology (17 decks)

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