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1390-59 intro to pharmacology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

akathisia

A

continuous body movement in which an individual is restless or constantly paces about

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2
Q

antianxiety drug

A

drug used to treat anxiety these drugs are also referred to as anxiolytics

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3
Q

anxiety

A

a state of anxiousness and hyperemotionalism that occurs with uncertainty, stress and fearful situations

increased by high levels of serotonin

prolonged anxiety causes behavioral and emotional changes

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4
Q

dystonic reaction

A

reaction characterized by muscle spasms, twitching, facial grimacing, or toticollis

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5
Q

extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS)

A

movement disorders such as akathisia,dystonia,and parkinsonism caused by anti psychotic drug therapy

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6
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrom (NMS)

A

toxic syndrome associated with the use of anti psychotic durgs

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7
Q

parkinsonis

A

disease or drug induced condition characterized by muscular rigidity, tremors, and disturbances of movement

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8
Q

psychosis

A

form of mental illness that produces bizarre behavior and deterioration of the personality

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9
Q

schizophrenia

A

major form of psychosis; behavior is inappropriate

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10
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

drug induced involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, tongue, and extremities

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11
Q

antipsychotics

A

used to treat psychotic behavior

most produce varying degrees of anticholinergic, alpha adrenergic blocking, and antihistaminic effects

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12
Q

what are the “typical” anti psychotic drugs

A

primarily block D2 receptors. they also produce a higher incidence of EPS because they block dopamine

ex-phenothiazine/ butyrophenone/ thixanthine

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13
Q

what is an “atypical” anti psychotic drug

A

block 5HT2A receptor

reduce serotonin activity more than they reduce the activity of dopamine, and for that reason they cause a significantly lower incidence of EPS (still may cause EPS tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic maligant syndrom)

associated with metabolic disturbances-
weight gain
elevated trigylcerieds
development of diabetes melitius

ex- aripiprazole
clozapine
risperidone
olanzapine

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14
Q

phenothiazines (typical anti psychotic)

A

refers to the basic chemical structure of a large number of drugs similar in structure and pharmacological action.

block D2 receptors to a greater degree than 5HT2A

posses anti pyschotic,anti cholinergic, antihistaminic,alpha adrenergic blocking and antiemetic effects

reduce symptoms of psychosis without depressing intellectual functions

reduce nausea and vommiting

usually takes several weeks to develop

administered orally

ex-chlorpromazine
fluphenazine
trifluoperazine

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15
Q

Adverse effects of Phenothiazine

A

dry mouth, consstipation, visual disturbances and seddation

-reduce blood pressure and postural hypotension

-affect the bascal ganglia and cause movement disorder-EPS
   dystonic reactions
   akathisa
   parkinsonism
   tardive dyskineasia
   neuroleptic malignant syndrome

drug allergies that can cause skin rashes, photo sensitivity, blood disorders, and liver toxicity

skin pigmentation, ocular deposits, and endocrine disturbances

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16
Q

Butyrophenones (typical anti psychotic)

A

highly potent

differ chemically from phenothiazines but produce similar effects

block D2 receptors more than 5HT2A receptors

more potent than phenothiazines on mg basis

lower incidnece of peripheral effects, but great movement disturbances

ex-haloperidol

17
Q

When are Butyrophenones used?

A

a patient who is highly agitated and manic / suppress morot tics and vocalizations that characterize Gilles de la Tourettes syndrome

18
Q

What are the adverse effects of Butyrophenones

A

extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

tardive dyskinesia

neuroleptic malignant syndrom

19
Q

Thioxanthenes (Typical Anti Psychotic)

A

posses chemical structures similar to phenothiazines

block D2 receptors more than 5HT2A receptors

higher potency drug that causes higher incidences of (EPS)

causes less sedation

fewer antichollinergic and alpha-blocking effects than chlorpromazine

ex- thiothixene

20
Q

Adverse Effects of Thioxanthenes

A

drowsiness and postural hypotension

drug allergy

extrapyramidal disturbances of movement

21
Q

What pregnancy category do the Atypical Anti Psychotics fall under?

A

Pregnancy Category B and C

22
Q

When Atypical Anti Psychotics are paired with anticholinergic drugs what happens?

A

decrease activity in the urinary and intestinal tracts

increase cardiac activity

23
Q

When Atypical Anti Psychotics are paired with Alpha- blocking drugs what happens?

A

cause CNS depression and mental disturbances

hypotension and orthostatic hypotention

fainting

24
Q

When Atypical Anti Psychotics are paired with Sedation causing drugs what happens?

A

excessive CNS depression

25
Q

What are Atypical Drugs preferred to treat?

A

schizophrenia and psychosis

26
Q

What are Atypical Drugs preferred to treat?

A

schizophrenia and psychosis

advantages include lower incidences of EPS, sedation, and other neurological disturbances

27
Q

anxiolytics

A

drugs used to treat anxiety

ex- benzodiazepines
buspirone

28
Q

limbic system

A

neural pathway connecting different brain areas involved in regulation of behavior and emotion

29
Q

Adverse Effects of benzos

A

drowsiness, confusion, atazia, minor GI disturbances and rashes

menstrual irregularities, changes in libido, agranulocytiosis, and changes in liver function

higher doses affect memory

long-term usage abuse and abrupt termination can cause dependency

must be avoided during pregnancy

30
Q

What is the drug interaction between benzodiazepines and alcohol?

A

coma and permanent brain damage

31
Q

What is the drug interaction between benzodiazepines and cimetidine?

A

prolongs the effects of benzodiazepines

32
Q

What is the Drug Dependency correlation with Benzos

A

increased anxiety
tremors
hyperactivity
nervousness

33
Q

what do you give someone with an overdose of benzodiazepines

A

flumazenil- benzo receptor antagonist

reverses depressant and sedation effects

reciprocates a withdrawal reaction

34
Q

Buspirone (Buspar)

A

does not cause sedative, hypnotic, anti convulsant, or skeletal muscle relaxant actions (low potential for drug tolerance or dependency)

acts on serotonin receptors

anxiety is increased by high levels of serotonin

35
Q

Adverse effects of Buspirone

A

dizziness, lightheadedness, rash and tiredness

36
Q

What is Buspirone’s Pregnancy Category?

A

B

37
Q

What is the preferred therapy for anxiety disorders (GAD)?

A

benzodiazepines and BURPIRONE

38
Q

What is the preffered theapy for OCD & PTSD

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)/ anti depressants)

1390-59 intro to pharmacology (17 decks)

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