chapter 7 (work and family life) Flashcards
social reproduction
the labour of families, including physical, mental, and emotional labour.
sandwich generation
a general term for individuals who are simultaneously providing care to children and parents.
the second shift
the greater share of housework and caregiving that women perform in the home after completing their first shift in paid employment.
economy of gratitude
a term coined by arlie hochschild that refers to married women feeling grateful for having male partners who do any amount of housework. women compare their partner’s contribution to housework with that of other men rather than their own contribution.
pay equity
the state in which women and men receive the same pay if they are working in similar jobs that are of equal value.
primary labour market
the labour market that generally contains highly skilled and well-educated workers employed in large companies where job security, good wages, benefits, opportunities for advancement, and unionization are more common.
secondary labour market
the labour market that contains more unskilled workers employed in smaller companies where wages are low, employment is precarious, few opportunities for promotion exist, and workers do not often have benefits or the protection of unionization.
standard employment
typically, working full time year-round for the same company and enjoying benefits such as job security and medical benefits.
horizontal occupational sex segregation
he fact that women and men tend to work in different fields. for example, more men work in manufacturing and skilled trades and more women work in education.
wage penalty
the presence of lower wages in fields traditionally dominated by women, as these jobs as less valued and receive less financial compensation than jobs that have not been traditionally dominated by women.
vertical occupational sex segregation
the lower pay and lower prestige women experience within the same occupation type, such as law.
glass ceiling
the notion that there are very few women in senior management and executive positions and that there seems to be an invisible selling above which many women cannot rise.
glass escalator
the idea that men in professions dominated by women such as teaching and social work are disproportionately over-represented in upper level management or supervisory positions. they seem to ride an invisible escalator to the top of their organizations, bypassing female colleagues.
maternal wall
the obstacles to career advancement that women face once they become pregnant or have children.
the third shift
the mental and emotional labour involved in dealing with the challenges of severe time shortages experienced by contemporary working parents.
